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[2]ⷽ棬ѧҼѧáж⣬ΪѧĻƻЧӦҲյЧӦЧӦۺ£ѱֶԼжϡڼȻǡѧ˶ҡڡӲͷƤȥһĻɬ˼ġѧͼĻսڴӸĽǶȥ۲켼෽Ӱ졣 ڽۻҺͲɿơʵҺṫ˾ͣƳСգȶǴ꿪Ӵ¡򡰶֤ѾϵۡηSU27սûκһսóSU35Ѿ̨[3]SU35ܷսϳͷٹҲǼɻɵ¡ϵġħЬڱҵš˷ֻЬ裬Ľɿת -------- [3]ܳӾࣨBVRƣʹսĻ˺ܴ仯Ͼûȫȡ񶷡۾ߡSU27ӡSU35Ϊֹɫս ءּǼͬЩ޽ȥǵʱ˵ȻԺ˱仯һٶ޷Ƶ廨ŵļʹκһ¼ijֶԳƴ˵ʱʱЩᷨڵʱνʵĻ죬¼񲻶Ĵʱ̰ӿˣʹݵĻ㱻ûڸ߸µļͷ֮ʱһ¼һλҾһʱʱѳջƻΪʲôǰѵʱ֮ΪʱϢʱĻԻƫȫ֮еԭڡ ʣϢijĸΪΪֹΨһܸ˶зųȥмߡעͬʱּһпƵֶΡֻ˭ΪҲϵ»Ǹ⡣۵۵ǣһ಻ɿصķչĻսʹΪƷ[4]˿µĽȴ˿ûܼǶ顣ʾֹǰԿиǿҵջԡϾеĽ빲ԣǿ֮߳⣬⻹ЩһҶĿδѧһʱǡǡʹ޷ȡеġڳֵĺͼĸ༼ر＼ϼ׼ЩϢ˴˽ء˴ƽֱ˴˹ļ -------- [4]ݸļߣ1939꣬ݸѾʶִһϵ⣬ͳεͻвѾһ޿ƥеġħӶȻҲɡ¸ڡʱ䡷аѼΪܳĻҪعȻԱΪΣյļļֹάɺ˹̩򲼺գάɵġۡϵˡ˵ô˹̩򲼺յġϢᡷѧۡ棬ǿԿڼƽ³ֳĹǰ ϰڼäĿϲɣ¼޾׷˽һ鵤ҩdzж;ΪһͨٷʮһΪһҲϧΪԼʮ[5]ΪݵĴǷƨɺһ⡪ɿұеӹʯͿɡ·ȵȣҪͬһļֶȥֱյȾƻԴռءͨ¹ʵȸֵ֡ͷԳԭʼĿЩȣƺԵˡͣ಻ϵذһʼĿʧ֦辺ļ֮϶;Dz֦ЧӦҵǣʱִϢˡ϶ǼʷҪһ岻һȫµļһɴ͸رݣѿƺصĸּһϼͨϣ¿˵¼һ뼼Ĺϵṩһȫ˼·ֻվĽǶȣ弼ĹʵʣŲڽٵУΪߵūȫԳչԼʹÿһʱDZܣϹֻ᲻ϵ¼ȥ̭ɼڽ죬ĶʹѾԽԽϢij֣Ϊ¾ɼԼ¼ƥʹãṩ޵Ŀԡʵ֤ۺȼķƶǰ[6] -------- [5]ڴά׷Ѷµġ˵һУоʩߴڡ˵һĽһ⣬ЩջųֽڡϲڣԵľѡҲ̸ͬ [6]EڡƼʱδִָıըԷչΪĵĻĶ̬չУǽԽԽٶѧƺʵһĿѧ޷㹻ѧָʵ Ը߸ľڱϳȡĴںڲתصȫƵȫַ˼ںϵḶ̌ʱĻ һػὫصͶ䵽ʱκηϣսȻҲ⡣κһִ֧ľӶ벻¼ιսҪ¼Ĵ߲ʿս50080ĸ¼̨࣬ʹⳡսֱǵıݳӡIJչʹеϵͳ񡰰ߡءëȡǹô򵥣ʵҪǣڴϵDSPǷĿĴǵվ;ɽָٰϢŵָȻߡԱսλ90ӵԤ׶ΣҪռϵͳC3IϵͳĶδϣνһȫ򡱡ڶ䳬ʵʱγǰδսϢ֮ǰ޷顣˵ڵڶδս֮ǰijֻ¸Ļôڽ죬Ѿû˭ܶɧ 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ϸȳҵеġ߼[5]һʣʵеɲꡣʲôǸ߼ʲôԣ߼˵ߺ͵ֻԸһɱԺܴĸʽΪɱеսͺܳ⡣һνĸ߼ʱƱɵͼʱǷ׼ѽֵնٴΪ߼ǷڼըĽ죬ƺʹÿһ³ֵļҺ鷳οǷ߼ӦʲôΪ׼ͼ˵ÿһǾģҲʱԡġߡܿǽġ͡ġ¡ֻΪġɡM60̹ˡ۾ߡֱB52Щ6070սķ˹̹ˡ桱װֱF117Լߡ͡սѲǸ߼B2F22桱ֱ͡˹ϼĿ깥ϵͳǰۿҪΪջƻ˵ʼնһĸ߼񲻳ˡӡͷΣš껨˲ֻͬʣ¿տһ֣ϵشЩڳΪӡŮͷϡôڽϵһսУÿһʱصɸ߱͡±ɣʱ֮ʸκһͣҲûһԾþӸ߼Ȼˣνĸ߼սָһָ߼ -------- [5]רΪ߼һûȫ̶ĸҲһ̬ͬҶԸ߼IJص졣¸߼Ҫ΢װüӼ켼＼²ϼμܼ¸߼Ҫǡۺԡ¸߼ɶּɵģһȺ¿ѧԺоϡ199369ڣ Եĸ߼ܳΪδսͬΪ߼֮һġִĹжռҪλϢ͸һսʹһδսǶϢԪֵϢԲܰսϢսҲֻ֮ܳΪϢս[6]ΪϢҪȫÿһּĹܺá磬ѾϢ˵F22սսսǵͳذdzϢЩеսҲܳϢս[7]ϢսϢսȫ¡ǰָϢǿĸ̬սҪָϢΪֶλûѹϢս⣬Ϣĵ񻰣ʹΪΨһijһжѾձɽ񻰿ԸȶǴĵĿڴǮȴܸıһʵϢķչҲͬķչزϼĿֱԼϢͻƣ＼Ľչ;Ϣδ[8]˵ϢDzصǰĻ⣬һССļ裺ϢƵӦսػϢսûһ仰ȴȫܷ顣ʵǸΪϢܷڽɷѿģΪǼۺϵIJĵһγּÿһνһ㣬ҵںϹ̣ǼۺϣȫʱʵһȻҲӡһÿһִĵӡǡDzδսϣijЩȽԻãھսʤܣѺ˭ռݶһ޶ĵλģȴΨһģdzòġҲ˵û˭ܰԼִԲѵعijһִսǰ档 -------- [6]ڡϢսĶ壬˵硡ͲıϯµĶǡڱϢϢϢϵͳͼͬʱΪŵ˵ϢϢϢϵͳͼȡöԵϢƶȡж½FM1006ҰսΪϢսʶƫϢʵʳͻеӰ족½ǡϢ͸Ӻƽʱڵȫսожĸ桱¿ѧ磬뱾P2425ϢսϢɹĿжվѧΡ˹̹Ϣսµ壬Եñ½ҪһЩ׵˹УڡϲӼ1997ļϵᵽϢսһΧĹ⡱ҲǶϢս֮㷺Ե׼ȷ [7]ϢսںԽԽ龰෴һЩͷԵ׳ٶԡϢսԽԽķվУղķ˹޽˹ָϢսЩϢսıԽȻȡսǷЩ̫ˡ½սӡ־19974£޲ءŶУˡϢս߸1ñַ2ֿв3߹ʵ4ʷ׼ȷԣ5رķͼ6޸ݵ룻7淶Ķ塣¡־19979ºţվУ֡غڡ־1997＾׫ָϢܵģϢҲǡħϢսɲڸˣվļϢսĻԡϢʱս롰Ϣսϸ֣ΪϢʱսʹϢսѲĿꣻϢսǰϢΪǿͬһЩѧҲԼս˹ѧڰءƶѵͬṷ̂һϢҲ̭λսֲģɱ [8]＼ĴϵͳǸ߼ĵԪϣ絰׷ӼмٶȺʹڱ͵ľ¹۵㡷¿ѧ磬1997棬P142145 ʲôʲôʲôʲô ʲôʲô̡롰ʲôʲô仰˴ͳսδսԷҰҲսսĹϵǰ߷ӳ˴Ȼ״̬½սսϵIJԾ򱻶ӦԤʾ˽״̬ʱǶͬһԾѡսʷһֱѭһĵͨǡʲôʲô̡һ֮󣬲ſʼγ֮ƥսǰսݱսݱоԵԼáȻʱͼľأҲ˵ÿһרǶֻǷȽ˼ά޹ءĸھ¸һԭ ܡʲôʲô̡仰䱾ʶģΪDZ̨һΣȴڽеĻ壬ֻѰս֮ҵȶƥսʽӶʹܵķӴﵽֵ죬սѾʹһĹɡֻȻΪΨһܲȡⲻ֪ͷǿҲͬҪΣʹ£Ҳδؾһɫĸ¼ȥһðִս[9]ֻ¾ѡ䷽иɰˡ -------- [9]ʹڱdzΪʽʵ鳡ĺսУҲʽͨҩҪáս¹󱨸渽¼ ҵõϵ㣬Ҳҵǡ˵ս¾ɲͬεʹãһԵĴܳΪЧܵġαԤ޵B52ըѲȷƵĽϺطʣδЪijA10ɻҵĺ⵼ʹԼ߱ԭûеҹ乥밢ֱãʹ70ڳֵƽ̨۷񡣿ɼʲôʲô̡Ϊ濪ŵгԪӦΪѡṩ˼أĴ棬ΪĿṩ˱κʱҲΪĻֻҪƳΡ;᷽ʽ̶˼άԣͿܻΪ棻ΪִսһҪȽһζãữΪࡣԻҩΪ־ϵͳϢΪ־ϵͳԾ׶Σڼһڡ޷Ԥһʱж೤Կ϶ǣֻҪһûнʲôʲô̾κιҰӵȽĹҴսϵİ취ҪָǣIJһǰ;ġǰ»ȡֻضʱڵضķ򡣿ƼѴӱֱʲôʲô룬սϵսһαȷսʽȻⷽ棬˳Եĵһֻзǡյһսʱ·зġֻսֻ͡ӡ[10]³ԡ־ھ¸ĵλѾҡսж໥˶ǰй֮¹ϵͬʱҲ˾лʱݱ䣬ķչֻǿܵĸĽҪǷ֮߱ƥܡߵеF111̫Ƚ޷ƥֻ֮߸Ľѵѱȡͼһ¼䵱ɱָ֡Ƶ˼ȻѾʱʲôʲôִʱصʵȿԱΪһѡҲԱԲӦ֮ߣսʷشͻƵͬʱҲִսDZΣΪһ̽оеսһϵͳͬΪ֪˭Լʢ׼ȣ֮Ϳ֮ǧϰϵ¾ӺһĪչıִֿľҲ߱ڿڵӦ˲µĵ֡δսϣֻӺܻܿóͽϺĴʦһԼֿװλԱͽκΡ;ӵġ[11]ҲҪӵ⣬ԽλߵһսԽԽ˴˼໥Ըİ취Խ٣˭ҲԲ˭еս߼Ӧս͵ͼսлijֹɴڣһֵоȤ[12] -------- [10]ӡյһսʼװƴ϶Ϊ5׶Σⶨ֤ƺװӡֻӵװҲǰ·ӽơ½־199510ºţ19973£½ùģĸ߼սʵ飬58ֻװ½ʱ1997331գ47ա28գ½˾˾ԼEѷϽĽܣǺѵ˾ΪǵĴ󵨶ӱ룬ϺҪȽװ½־199710ºţ [11]˹ܲξѧԺв˹ٿΪսѾСС׿¾¸¿ѧ1996棬P6 [12]199811ڡѧѧ˳²СίԱϯաµ϶ķʼǡաµ϶ᵽǶԳսΪǶвͼǡάڡ־Ϸ£ںҵʱѶԸǡս ¸¸ ¸ԣΪֹ֪һͳΪɸԳΪɣĻܾǻɱȷƵըȸ¼ҲӽͽṹضѡʵýǶ˵θͷҲ޷ı䴫ͳʣʼձְҵսʿղһսʹáЩشͳ˼·ƽ̨ӦִսδսŬУһⶼ߽ͬЩø߼ħʹͳɽ̥ǵԸֹ޾Ѻ;ĸ߼塣ǴͳչбȻԵۣ Ϊȣֻƾϲ룻Ľ㹻ľѱȡյĽǣҵ˵¹Ʋ ֤Ҳ˵ǰվܲı¶ӿƷԪ˧ضϤˡ˺ʱչ¼һո¸ʱ˼Ȼͬʱˡ˼ijǰûиĹҴԺ[13]ս±ͬΪһʱһӾռѾõľֻǵʱû˻Ԥϵ弰ڳĽг׳֡һǿĵ۹һǹδŵ¾߽⣬ӡ֤˼ֵһʫ۹Ǻ¡һ죬һǰˣƺҲڲ϶ֵĺ󳾣Ϊչṩµ֤żۺʱսͶƵķԽԽ࣬ļ۸ҲԽԽ6070F14F15Ļ10Ԫ80B2ɻͻ100Ԫ90F22ɻƷѳ130Ԫƣ1315ԪB2ɻ[14]ͬĻƽҪ3[15]бȱȽǣF117AըF22սɻ桱װֱЩļ۸񼸺ӽԪЧ˲ԽԽصļУһھϲĸ߼֮СƴֵˣÿÿɬĹ·߶ԶԶ׼˭ȥİ취Ȼ辶 -------- [13]רΪ¶ӿƷѾӼʹʹ֮Чȡ¶ӿƷھ¸ϵԶ׿ʶdzһҸټĴۼ߰ƺܳܵ޶ȣȻֽоʵľôֻڿʹõľ󡣶˹ɳʺʱڶˣԳܵľ¸ֲԸսԵҪ󡣡սۣ־1996괺ţ˹ٷҡˡΪһս׼Ծ¸һЩ [14]1981꣬վԤͶ220ԪͿ132B28ǮֻһB2ɻԵλֵ㣬һB2ͬƽֵ3ִ¡19988ڣP33־ġ֮ [15]1993113տϮ˵˷Ϊ߼ԣۺЧӦըʱȾȷըЧá뺽켼ܿ1993125գ ǣ¸Ӧ˶ֻ˸ее㲻ƽǣⷽڳˡԽսʱڣͶڡ־СϿ豩ĵ⻯ĩͳȴеҶʹӡ¸ֶβ涼ɧ˺30꣬Ǹڲͼ˫£ڴ Ҳռͷ¸֮Χ㷺¸˳µ£ûⷽͷΪ¸ƾ¼壬ֻҪһϬ˼롣Ⲣ˼븽ڼ֮ڼδĽͣ˼ĺݷϣΪĵ𡢺ХֺǴȶ¸[16]ͨ˵кܴ𣬵Ƕ¡ˡйصֱɱ˺ΪĿ˵ֻǸıĻɱɱŴ˵ķǴͳѡ -------- [16]¸Ҫ̫ȡ͵ľ¹۵㡷¿ѧ磬P3 ¸ͬ˵¸ȫ¡˵¸dzͳġڼպͲġܹԵзʻɱ˵Ļô¸ǰԾΪ¸ǹۣг˾򣬵սжֶζһ츣ģԿɼӺࡣҲ˵ϵһûʲôܳΪҪǶʶҪдһн޵ԾķչŬƷ֮ʣ˼ͻһؿĽǿһΪĹ֡һεԲ롢һʹйʵ춯һڻ϶йԵšͳͳɱ¸֮С¸Ϊ¸ṩָ¸ʹ¸̶͡ڴֵ¸ѾҪأ¸ԭ ȷǣ¸ڴƽ˵ĵһ仰ǣ¸ij֣϶ὫδսͨǾ˶ˮƽҪ˵ĵڶ仰͸ǣ¸ʹͨ˺;һԼϰΪҲΪսк졣ǻijһʱԾط֣ƽﶼʼ˹Ժɱԡ ġȻ ԭӵǰսһֱɱġȱʱĽŬҪΪɱ͵ɵġɱٵɸԶɵġɱķչʷDzɱĹ̡Ķȱ˾ǶӵиɱĿīݻԭһƣԸԳػһִģɱܽȫɱһɱһٴһǧΡʹӵ˳Ҫɱսɱһ˸ࡣ ѧԭǣһﵽ¶תķ档ġܹȫġɱ[17]ʹԼõ塣ͷĴĦ˹ʹ˼Ҫɱ𣿰ѵɱһٴκɱһʲôͬܵȴҪðķʲô壿ͬھսȷݻ١ġֲƽ⡱Щ˼ֱӲĸƷΪٵɱܵķ쳵ṩɲװãʹķչɱɱɱĸͨǰͳ壬ͼѰչ·ҪЧܶɱʵпơ -------- [17]áɱĸȡģɱĸǿɱսҪ༫˼άIJ κشļ̵ı1948ϹͨġȨԡйص50ԼΪ涨һȨ׼϶ʹôģɱرǺַˡȨǡķȨθӰ£ټϹʾһ廯ƣҪȮ̬ر˵ֵġռػ¶ɱ˺ƻĹ˼ɣγµսֵۺµսġȻ[18]ǶĻִǨͷչķӦͬʱĽҲֱ߱Ӵз꼰ֶΣΪȡʤṩµѡһʹõȡʤ취ǿƶɱˡս˱仯ͨ޽ɱ¾ʹͶ뷨ѳΪʱij¼սѾ˷սʽĽʱ -------- [18]ȻġȡҪָɱ¾͸ɱˡ ɱȷͷɱij֣չת۵㣬־һβǿչdzֳȻ򡣾ɱԾȷشĿ꣬ٸɱˣгȴѪ٤ˡʽսij֣ʹ۵սжյʮսЧ˽һö׷ƶ绰źţʹͷʹĶŴҮԶǿӲͣ˳ҲͻССdzľ޴鷳ɱܹЧʹԱװʧȥս[19]Щֵ־ڿ˷Լļ˼άʼѧϰѾӵȴԶɱںսһµĴըУƽǧ[20]ԶԶڶսڼĵ˹شըȻжѡµһԾѡڸע¼ּ֮ԳɷݣӶĵʹսͿɫʡȻȻȻҪ㽵սЧܡһ̹˵սڵȥݻҲüȥٻĹѧ豸ʹԱäսϣһԱһҪϣƽ̨ʡȥԽԽķʩչȻ˿϶ѾԴ˾ķЧȼ㡣ɱԱ԰˵սõ˿ֻɥʧս־νdzȡʤ֮Ѿӵ㹻ļԴЧɿ־İ취ĻüͶһʥͽӰ񣬾Щڽ̵ʿڼûʲôϰֻҪɷӸһЩ -------- [19]Ӣʷۡ־19934º¶оѧ΢廯ѧڵĶַɱϷܿ199636ձɱ߼ָίԱƶһߣԴơɹʹ˹涨 ⣬ݡ1997P521522ܣо쵼С顱Ŀʹ嵥ϡ [20]¿ѧԺϡ1993326գ27P3 Ȼ¸ϢǴȻͻǽӲݻٵĵʵĵ߼ը粡ý̱ƻԱɱˡȻֻܵڼۺʱǰ;չƣͬʱҲͻǽ컹޷Ԥ֪ս״̬Ǿ¸սʷΪֹںĸı䣬¾ս״̬ķˮ롣Ϊij֣԰ȱʱսͳͳɡʱˣԲܳڼĻ룬ΪսӴ˾ͻΪϷĶԿڼɵսҲͬҪԹҵʵΪǰᣬһóʮսķҲκʵǿĵˡս֮أ֮ݲ˿档һеִȻˣһԱѪĴȻսȴսԸıսIJп̣ȴ޷ıսǿԵıʣҲ޷ıпĽ֡ ------------------ ͼɨУ һҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ d]Hһҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ ڶ¡սģ ʷУս ڸıġ ǰѶԶԱɶͬɱ¾֮սͷޱʼձִΪͬĿʹľѪȵսսǾǵ£ٲȻѳ쾭塣ǧ䣬ˡսһֱκսɻȱӲᴩеսĿԡһйսĻҪأû˶Դʲôʡһ죬ǷЩƺһɲҪͳͳ˰ղʱս׻ô ΪʲôսΪ˭ս Թϣ˵սĿļּ򵥣ŮֵһʮսȥģʷʫļʵŵĻҰޣΧС̶ȵ£ɱز㣬һʹǵеսĿϴȽϵ̸ʲôԡֻҪֶ޷õĶһ㶼ԥ÷dzֶȥáάǾݴдǾ䱻˺μǷΪԣսεļǿܻΪһ֧ڽɱڵλսΪһƬˮݷսΪϡΪҾơΪķҲϧ󶯸ɸ꣬ʷսսķҵȵЦԷǵĴ⻹ӢΪѻƬó׶Դ۹սּģĹҷжɴ˲ѿǰսڶжϵĵһԡϣΪ־ȡռ䡱ձνġǹȦܴϿҪȴǰսĿ궼Щʵʲǿͼ»ǿΧ;ֳѡ Ȼڽ죬ҪжΪʲôսͲôˡرսս󣬺بӪ֮ĻȻ٣ǡ뻹ǡֹšĿںţʧȥյǸһӦƵĺݷʱˡ˭ǵĵˣ˭ǵѣԸͷҪ⣬ͻȻ˷룬ڰայķڳΪĻ飬ǰһսбͷһ껹սΪͻʵˣڶֳͻĶ[1]鱨һѵİλӣһҹѲµĴĿꣻͬDZԼԱϣ䣬Ϊ·˹ü䣬ԼϵձͺΪһССĵ˺ƤЩһӡ֤Ǿϻûвѣֻв档սͲ֮ҡţֳòľ񡣸¼ͻͽƶȫ򻯵Ḷ̌ӾֻϵIJȷԡԴڽޡʶ̬гݶȨ䡢óƲáڶһжԳΪսɣͬģսĿģʹԽԽ˵Ϊʲôս[2] -------- [1]йϵɲμɳĮʿϲ˾Ժսļij磬P212dzеĹϵʶ鱨Լʺװ֧֡ [2]1993١־2ºţ˹˹ƽ¡̸ȫľޱ䡷 ׷ʣÿһμӹսСӶ㣬ΪСĿػָսսʵĿȴһûʵȥԶǾһɵĴɡ¶صֱ⡣ʵÿսھĵԼĶĿ֮󣬲žͶڡɳĮ籩ġսУΪǵʯ߶սҪĿ֮ϣ˸˽USAΪǵ׷󣬻мִʿʽάȳɳΪҸвԸ˹ֽɶǹ衱ӢΪرɽķսеĶʼնӦʲͳÿһٶΪǶжĴͳӰʧһ̳塣½еսȻǶԵһĿĽڶսɵ漯壬ʹһɳĮ籩ĵսһڹͬ²ͬ׷ǣνͬ棬սʽܱսܵԼҪͬսͱ˸棬ΪͬĹͬһսп϶вͬ󣬼ʹһҵڲͬײսҲ󡣸ӵϵʹ޷ѺսΪΪʯͶսΪսֻΪ߶սֻм˻μ˶õԭִսսǣĿεĿ곣¡ ʲôطս սȥҵС˸𣬹Ǻ͡սӰƬĵͳСȥǸ𳵡ִɻҪҪĿĵԶ䡪ս ʱսСҲܽգһƽءһڻһdzؾͿչ֧׽ɱִĹսǾõͼϲ۵ĵ״Ŀ꣬ݲ½ִս׳ij档ǻijֵ˾ε迪״սɢߡһսǧĺǵսѵʽսչµͬʱְ˼ʮʽսԵʱIJս˵սζźﱤ˿ǹڵӣǰսչصս׳͡¼ıըݱ䣬սռıըչսɵʽʽִƽ岻һΪôã˵ǽ̹˺սʱ򣬡֡ͧѧըɻҲװ˻ǹֻķչԶشսĸı䣬սʷκشĽչھ¼ҵ¡յġ19141918սе̹ˡͶźڵġƿȨټͼз˹ָӲݵĴսפرǧսһоٵռ䡣һͼ׸ıս³ǵսۣսսΪһ壬ûгɹȴʹΪ˴˺ЩƵľ˼³ǵսעֻͷǡһ˺ʱʱսչܱȿ³ڵ̸ԶȻҲͲһݹǰ󷽵ڵ20󣬱³ǵ˵ϣԶ÷˹ըV1V2ӢδȾָļ¼ȲսԼҲսҵϣƾֱսǰ󷽽ޣȴûͨսսǽĸ塣Ҳһʮս˺ͰӾ¼˵޷ɵ˼ һ綼Ҫһأһ˼ǰ档ûһ˼㷺ѼսʱѾܣִսӵ˼ޱ޼ʵij̶ȡ̫ǣDZܴͧ򵽵κεطĵſռŵӶԿıҲ㲻սĴ޵޴ӶݡսĿȡ͸߶ЩԵó¾ɹʱսռռij̶ֱƼޡ ˣǣ˼ҲͣĽŲΪǰѾչʾ˸˵ǰֹй۵ijռսķԱԶԶġδսĸıѾǶսĻеʽŴΪںոߴеսδսչƵĿһͣͨѧ̶ϵķdz۲ͽۡиսıԶԷȻռչ޷ѵſռԭϵսռ䣬ɼڼռ䣬֡ռ䡱Իռ䡱[3]߻½աĸʧȥ壬ΪźDzռκγռͬʱܳӯһռڡԤϣսռÿһشĹۻ죬ȡijּǶǷܴոµļռ䡣ڹ㷺𵱴ǹעġռ䡱ɵӺϢټרƵĶ᷽ʽγɵļռ䣬˵һռеսٿɵĻֵġ׿ռ䡱ʹʵ˻ս롣һЩʹľǣͼѷսЩ¼ɵĿռ䡣սսijԸıʱѾΪڲԶò˶ãȴ˭ҲսսͿܳΪʵdzңȴѪȻսʤսܷ£ս봫ͳϵսͬСսռ䡪ռͼռ䣬غֽȸֻΪʹսͬʱںۡйۡ΢ۺͬԵչչսʷبδеսۡͬʱžüüְҵ˺ͷְҵսʿֱ˴ˣսռ佫ԽԽսռص֮ĽҲģ塣ԭ໥ͳͳͨκοռ䶼ำս塣ֻҪκεطʹκֶκĿ귢սڡ룬ڵԹһǹƱҲԷµйսôﻹзսռأ -------- [3]ռ䡱һ¸ռ䡣coc2 -------- ¾ɰȫȽ ө ɰȫ °ȫ ĩЩ੤ ة̰壩༫ӣ ԵԤȷ 塡ڽ̼婧 Ωͷǿֻͷžǿ ̶ˡʱˡ Ϲ̱ϹԾ ĩ੤੤ ɰȫ°ȫ һ༫ Σ桡Σ桡 橦ȷȷ ٩ֹֹ ĩŷޡ Σմ󡡡ΣС вʹսԺֲʹú Ρ ĩ੤੤ սԹؼĿľԴ ©սֱԮ Ҫ߼ۺøߡСͼ ǰز𡡡Ͷ͡ ĩǰפפ ʹ֧Ԯ é ۩۩ ϱԿ˶䰲ȫ仯Уɿսض¸ֵԼӰ졣 ǸСʱʣҵս شǣκεط ʲôս й1985ġþΪǰ࣬ʮҪ̶Ծӽһֽһֵۼǿսձ˴˶ĹҼڷƽǴ˷ȫΧձþҪⲻֻ֪¶һDZɽ¾ӾԭԶֹһ㣬ԭڴҵˮ͡еսҪ齨ĴģְҵӣǵϢս˳ǰԵعӴġˣԶĹξӵľУҪѹǸעؾӳԱʡװи߼˼롢ս۵ĸ[4]֮ɳǡʱѳΪȥһսܳΪ¾ɾϣһλȽӾİһǰdzŶͷ¡׳ʺһִˡĹһξƾһƽʹһֽ֧ӽеĹ£õ֤[5]20һ겻ϵļըϴ񣬻Ҫҡ֡˹ơ籭NBAͺЩĻѬգľ˺ǵǰ֮ĴͬǰָĴһĿȻִϻ϶ֳIJͬ߰ʮһˣʹУӪʽѵҲȥǸֲڵϰԡִϵͳΪṩԶ뿪ͨսӾĵطȥˣֱѪɱĿԣʹһԶҳǫǫӡֻսʿʼȡѪʿսмǧδҡĵλ -------- [4]1998꡶桷198932̭˴ϾװʹڴԱ£սߡ19975£鱨桷ǿδĸŰ¾۽Աװɹá [5]ʼӢյѶݸñƣΪϵͳİȫԣ1995918գ25գΪʿϰϰУվٳɹ˺ָϵͳӾࡶΪϳ磬P258259ƵĹºܶ࣬ҲһЩרΪǹŪ顣 Ϣdz࣬ƴҵᴫͳֹı֮սҲְҵ˶ĽԷʼֳƽ񻯡[6]һ򲢷ë󶫡ȫԱ۵Ӱ죬ΪҪ㷺ڶԱǡǡ෴ֻƽмӢӲŶ룬ʹְҵ˺ְҵսòԶЩεս˭пܳΪһδ֪սǣȳҲΪս߾ǵԡڿ͡Щûܹѵִδ¹ְҵļһƾ˵ļר׸ӻǹҰȫشΣFM1006Ϣսоһ1994꣬һڿʹӢλŦԼзչģΣ30ϵͳİȫ100ϵͳܺ߰ԭоպ֡˾ȵIJιIJ֮㣬Σ֮ޣڿ;ȻֻǸ16ꡣһڿϷΪĿĵ֣ȻսΪȥ϶ʲôϷƻʲôսƻʲôƽĸΪʲôǷְҵսʿĵжж֯ĹҺڿս1994꣬ܵ23漰ȫ֡жٷְҵսʿ֯ƻжҲԶ޷֪[7] -------- [6]зշս뷴սдսĹѾ̹˺ͻڣǼͳ΢ˣǾͲ˵װֻϵҺ;רСձУ߼ׯһ䡶¸ʲô2020սʽָսƽ21սҪص㡣 [7]ڿͲȡһֿԳΪλսս ϴڵĸɫ˵ӦڿҲͬɫɫɴŲֵͬͬĸֺڿͣѧԽߡĻԹߵĹ˾ְԱ۲۵ֲӻӶЩ˴ΪȻͬȴ弯ͬһǸԼصͼֵж£еĸɴǸãĿߣƻ񣬶ʵϷԼǿֶͨڱ˵ʻȡᣬԶʽɾȥõıݣҲ˵еĶһԼ߳ϼսչܷϢĶӡỪֺ֯жDZеĿڻ¶ģȫ籸𾪵ͬʱҲӡ;˵ϯڴǰһȺԳơMilwOrmĺڿͣҲڻݹһϷΪӡȺ飬ǴӡԭоķǽıWebҳ5MBݡغڿǻֻǵ㵽Ϊֹûиֵ̫ҡٶЧ⣬ζϢʱһö˵ãһڿ͡ ȺڿǸɱҲʵ繹вģЩһ־ľķǹ֯Щٶij־ɫʵ֯˹ʥս֯İձİķֱըפǺ̹ɣǴʹݵıʽĿֲ壬඼һЩͶʹֹļƻжɱȵǹƥĺڿΪпܳΪսµIJԴءѭһֻȥﵽĿĹҺ;ӣЩӲκι򡢸ֶδս֯ԿʱռϷ硣 90ְҵսʿͷǹ֯չһϵожͬһְҵսʿеķǾսҲʼ¶ߡЩ˼ȷһϵĺڿͣҲЩ׼֯ijԱһϵͳԱʦҲһƱֻӵдʵĽڼңǿƶýĴýרҺ͵ӽĿˡijЩäĿпĿֲӲͬͨмᶨĿȾҲʱͶһսͶı׼˭˵˹һڿֲӣ ִڸııսͬʱҲģ˲սߵĸսӴ˲Ǿ˵ר ںϴȫƵĸƷ֮һȫԵĿֲְҵսʿͷǹ֯ڶȨҹԽԽвʹdzһְҵӷԽԽصĶ֡ȣְҵӾ˶ʱǰȱӦĿЩǿ࣬Ǽݿе硣 ʲôֶκʲôʽս ˵δսսֶκͷʽ˵ĿƲȥġΪһֻΪһϵĿҵľȣȷй֮˵ģǰδսΪϢսȷս[8]ս[9]ͷսж[10]Ҫսʽɿȸֺʵˣеδս̵⡣սʽսǴӴͳĺͬսЭͬսյһսݽ⣬־Ͼ˼άIJϢս½ǰıǡɳϽ϶ΪδսĻսʽΪ齨Ҳϵһֻ֧ӡڡδսȫתϢԶ̴ΪҪһʶ˾ȷսĸ˿ȷƵȫλϵͳC4Iϵͳηɻȸ¼װij֣пʹ˰ս¶˳ǽӴ˹˳Զս[11]ľȷսΡѸݡ׼ȷЧɱСص㣬ڳսǾսδսУںսʱѳԷâսܵѡʽдᷨȴȲϢսҲǾȷսǷսжһȻһƵȫϣе͵ʽΪΡ۲ӰǶһijΪϾͷһά͡ƽԮء֡ȡֲЩ2021ҪȫӦ⣬ͳͳװˡսжֻʹ˲սؼãȻ㡣ӶҲʹǵ˼άDzһ˹սıءֻϧСЩûܰѡǾսжһոµĸҲװȥսʶϣиļ⡣Ǿսж롰սжIJ𣬱ʾҪö࣬ijЩʻǰ˳ߵϷΪֻǶԾڷս̬µжȷǰѶս̬⣬չԶԶжܰݵһչΪĿֶ伫ĵȻܼڸ־жȵλˣûһµսDZϣʽʵȫķĺ͸¼ṩ޿ԣһ㶯 -------- [8]ȷսһµսʽIJǻߺս͸ۺϵĽ¡˶Ӹ˹ս֮󡷣ת1997P294295 [9]ıϯϲıļ2010ϲӹ롷ڡϲӼ1996ļš [10]½1993桶սҪ½־19936ºš [11]˹սרޱԼоսָԶսǴǰ;ս˼롷199211ڣ ôЩսɵֶΣ󾹳ˡǾսжһȫΧԽԽƵչһսijأ óս ˵óսʮǰֻһݴʣȴʵʵڳеķǾսߡﱻõӦ֡¯ࣺó׷Ĺʻã˰ݵ⽨ƣóƲãؼԼķر301ݹȵȣһ㡣κһֶβƻЧһξжĶ˳8ȫˣⷽ͵ġս ս ھ˶ǽڷ籩֮û˻˶ԡսи̵ӡ󡣲ֹӡ󣬼ֱ׶Ĵ̹ǣһɹӵǴĻǷĽ͵ϮսһһǰΪССĹƷڵأ۲ѵľ÷٣һҹҶˡһغ㲻ֹһҵľ10ꡣսߵʧأʹ򼸽˷ɧɵֱһֲս˺̶ȾֲսҪءЩǹ֯÷ǾֶȨҴĵһսɴˣսΪ䲻Ѫͬо޴ƻķǾս̬ʽ˺Ѫһͳǧս̨ò˶ãͻΪʽľȻؽ´ʵ䣬¸ͳҶDZ޵20սʷУΪΪĿһ[12]һҪɫ˲μңҲǾ¼ңΡ˹Ȼѽս˹Ķר֮ǰƶ˹ڵδܺİǽ[13]֮ǻԳöǽΣԱ̨ҽԴ۱ҡ۹رǺɡ⻹ڴ˷Ѵ۲һӵϵЩССġҡԷΪڴʾĿĦ˹̹˾µϹ˾[14]Ӳ벢ߡ -------- [12]ɼʱ1998823Ϊƽвгָ¶ƽɵвǽгǿֲѵӪءοϢ199897գ [13]˭桪ƶй㲥磬1997꣬P275P232P357 [14]Ա1998729¡һӰ쾭õŦԼ˾¶µϹ˾ӰձԼǵľơοϢ1998820ա 1998ļһǰĽսڸսϴεչĵڶսۡرսIJһܼĶӽȻձͶ˹ʹȫ򾭼ϾԿƣܻԼսۡ˵˹ġӻ𡱣ڶ˹أʧ˲ʮԪ[15]ս֮޴ɴ˿ɼһߡںѳΪ˵İսɥʧʵսֵĽ죬ս䶯Ρٿ㡢ƻǿص㣬ΪĿijսǰõİɧУؿЩɵйľ޸ͿĸֻãЩý塢֯뵱ֶԿʹϷ̨ǻɳ֮ΪʽĽս˵ұӵǣսƵԽԽܡҶԽԽǿԽԽĹҺͷǹ֯ʹõơ -------- [15]˹ȫʱΣд¿ˮ1998Ҳ̶õͶʼ¼˴νΣĽѵ ¿ֲսڴͳֲսԡ ͨĿֲսڹģޣȻܱһսսɵԱҪСȴиΪŨصıɫʣһжвκδͳԼϵصֶδսһصʹǰһ£ҲֶֻδսĹսδ㴦ʮֲĵλΪʲôǼδɵëͷСɵĿֲ֯ҲǿĹұͷۣţɱİ취ЧԭޱϺʹ˹ķͬʱʹݱըµ֤ʽĿֲع⣬ǿһӡκιôǿ󣬶һ޹ϷռϷ硣ʹԼҲɿֲӣҲδؾȡʤ еĿֲӰԼжڱըܡɱͽٳַɻഫͳ·ϵĻֲ¡˸еֲģǿֲֿܳΪĸ¼һǰ˿ǵس¶ߡķͽڶʩšɳֲ֡ЧԶԶ˶ɵһ¼ʾǣִѾΪЩͼģĿֲӶ[16]ͨɱ޹ֲЧɱDzͬǹװȫһ͵ĸ߼ֲ֯Ŀȷֶθ߳רͻкŻļ磬ȡ洢ϡɾijɢϢΪ£ǵ͵ýĿֲжDzֲ¼ΪеĿֲж¿ֲս -------- [16]һЩȫר飬ҪഢⶾԷֲֹ֯ĻѧϮ ̬ս ִԺ󡢵ؿǡرǡͳȻ״̬ʩӰ졣ͨı併ˮ¡ɷݡƽ߶ȡռȰ취ƻ̬һµķǾսʽ̬սҲò˶ã조ŵȡͿܳΪijЩһǹ֯еһֳرЩпֲʵķǹ֯DzеڵΣһ򲻿ϰƣԸ׳Ϊ̬ս塣ʵΣڣΪþķչٶȣȫֱ̬ٽϣκ΢СļӼһ̬ƽ١ ǻɾٳǾսеĺͿеսֶμʽҥ߽Է־սг˽սյ۵ýսıȡĶƷսDZηʤսԶ׼¢רļսչʵʾڵеսӶᴢȡƸԴսʩݰͼƵľԮսʱͬ켺ĻսȻĹʷսȵȣٲʤ١ж¼ͿжµսֶκͷʽЩֶηʽĽϼʹãʱеֶκͷʽһһоٳֱͽͣҲ塣ЩѾ롢ڼͽҪսеֶμʹ÷ʽѿʼĵظıսۣԽ޶ѡԣΪʲôҪԸսֶεѡʹã;µķΧ֮ڣǾ¡ǷɱˡѪķʽҲͬʵսĿꡣһǰ˳µˡսѪΡ˵ͬʱҲ͸ıһսͻռֶεĶȻֶεĶŴսĸŴĽսķŴڴͳսսҵԼ֮أκһսսͷսϵļβʽĹս սĿĽڡֶǿȵзԼ־ӦǡһֶΣͷºͷǾ¡ɱ˺ͷɱ˵ֶΣǿȵзԼ桱 ------------------ ͼɨУ һҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ f|dһҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ ¡뾭ľ ս⡭Ƿ һһ¸ʼ * һ۵⡣ ᡤHƵ˹ DzR߸ սʷκսȣսƵһս6ĸȺ300Ҿ4000ܷɻ12000̹˺12000װ׳30ҵĽ200Ӳμⳡս42սУ38ǿдսֻ100СʱΪ׵ĶӼ42ʦ3ˣ8ˣ3847̹ˡ1450װ׳2917Żڱݻ٣184ˣȴ610Ԫ֮[1] -------- [1]μս¹󱨸桷ʱķ񣺺սľѵо档 Ҳʤֵù׾٣ϲɽķ񻹺׼ȷⳡս塣һЩͷԷɴ˿ʼֹض׫սʤ񻰣һЩͷԻ侲ġδܲμӡɳĮ籩Ľ;ۼǣŸӶ΢ΪɳĮ籩һ͵ս[2]⼴½еսΪѵֻȥЩԲѵζȷôͳ۹⿴ɳĮ籩ֵϵľսʷΪֹһ¸ڵʱеսDzôͳʱı׼ȥġµսҪµľ֮ʱΪ׵ںʱشֻѭؾߣδսľ塣Ϊδսľֻ֮ڱ봫ͳģʽ񻰣ɳĮ籩ս֮ڡģ֮ʱ̡֮֮Сս֮Իͣȵ˵Ƥչͽʱ˭˵һԤ漼ۺϣȫʱսٵľսֻʽ򷨴ľ䡪عܵսʷĵһȴţ -------- [2]սԺ͹оĵо桶սľ¾ͽѵһ£һصսΪսʵϼԼǼȡѵʵϴӺսоܼȡٸҪijڵľѵǴġս£¿ѧţ1992ڲУP155 սܵǿ𶯵йˣȫ̽½ĿѾв˿ʼ˼սľѵִ¡199811£262ţ ͼͨѾսȥ̸ʲôǼۺϡȫʱսʱֻСɳĮ籩ܹṩֳɵķ£κ˵ΨһģǾģҲֵϸʵһֻƻ ¶ˮ ķʸȣ̲ظͥļ£οȻкߵ𡪡ʿʹȻɨ˵סȴIJӡȻӸҪܲ棬ܵвҲܲ档ĽˣĿҪķ˹꼰Լ棬˵ҪΪ[3]Ĺͬģʹܷɿر֯һŲ׽˵ִ֮μģ˱ۼϹ¡Ĺ⻷ɹ˰˵ڽᣬʹķִһԻͽʥսĴ˿աĹԸΪ֮ϵһεĽ㡣ձ͵¹䲻ԸϾˬſԼǮȳǮҪǶʧʱɳԼľԱӶ³ΪȫԴһ˵ǺԼսϹۣ֧ˣʹķ׳˹¼ҹˡǷҲΪ˻˶ڹλ֧֣Ĭ˶Ӷѵľ´ʹǿҲͬ˹֧֣֧ҪṩжĺϷԺͺԮӶٱʲͳ֮ܵõڵĹ㷺̶ܴͬ˹ˣӶʹβΪ˻ȡΪսǮ׼ѪIJˡڰѵ7ӵ¹˵ɳأ˱Լ4ҵ465л𳵣312Ҳ119ӣͬʱձҲṩװ΢Ӳһ֤˹ԽԽǿԡµʱɡȲǴģҲʵѡ[4]ǣ˱һֹͬҪӰҪ˳660ž飬ȨԱԲȡһֶε678ž飬ʱƴ˵õ˹㷺ͬ110Ҳμ˶˵Ľˣ30Ҳ붯䣬лఢңȻÿж֮ǰֹԼڡ -------- [3]ķķˣɳأΪġڡɳĮ籩˾Ĺ½˵˶γ˾޴вDZѡֻѾɳĮʿij磬P227 Ҳdzˣ¹󱨸渽¼9֡˵齨Эս [4]սԺ͹оо桶սľ¾ͽѵڶ¡ھϵԡָⳡսʵ֤ϺͺڹӦ϶Ѱ˹ûҵĴ޷ʵʩκشӦжСж⣬ɡѡ񷽰Ǹвͨģһ⽻ͷߵľһʶͬϣ Ϲȫ룬ʹںܶʱγɵġ¶ˮˣԾסһսײ˶μ˵ֻǶϸȨһθ߲һǩԼͨһߵ绰ĿͷŵڽһսľӣκϸڶݺԡΪ˹ɣ涨ϸפڹķ⣬áɵ¹δͣںϣṩʽ֣ΪֹɫжԡëȡĹȡжӪΪɫṩбСؿ֮ 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[6]սʱվı÷ƤϽ˵һʹÿսͶվӻʤһγɹ֮սҲʷ״ÿܵ沿ӵսվ־19915ºţǰ˶JŸսǰһη˵ѪĵսΨһ취ʹÿվܶŸΪԽȨԶְļⲢûд ˣЩյһս˱ȶźߵѾԶ࣬ʹҲҪȼʱŻףһһսʵս䷶ΧԶԤҪö࣬½ա졢ĵزܶԺսʵһʱգѾעҪΪպ½еľӢͻȻʱȫάս۵ԭ㡣 Ȥǣ㾡Ϊ˵ͺЩȻӰڻͨȫάսԿġָ[7]һ½չͬƶʹ½ͳ˧ʩߴĿշԺÿ쳤300ҳġָǿս۵꣬սܹƻΪзɻѡʵĴĿꡣÿǧķɻӰ뵺Ӣɣվġָչ֡羫ϵĿдȻָӳںڡվˡΪС̣²ַɻԱҲûܵĺͷʱóϾɹ֯սʷϹģҲΪĿսۡ -------- [7]ı棬ԺL˹ƽı棬ԡָ߶ۣΪָһܲ߻һ廯ս֡ ˣָΪӴ˺һսжṩһָ֯ӵķ͡һָֽһݼѵľּսϷϵĸӺͳɹľ֮һ㣬ʹȵسԽˡյһսǵӽ硣˵ڲս֮һƬȥδĿء ˭½ս֮ ɽʮǸʱľ¡šúĸ͵Ϯ۲ȫʤںսʷµ֮ʡ˲ǣͬɽȻûԼһսĻʱ塣ָϽش֮ȻֻսнǺϾսѾյĿʤ֮ŵԿףӽ̫ƽ겨֮¡˵һϧĻڶͬ߾ͼֱ޲ɼرǷѾȴƫƫ벻Ĵˡźսʷ˼жͺżʡ͵ɽʮһ½ֱ˵װ׻еӴɾ˵սУ˱7ΧڰʿϵĹ͹ӡǡװʦһ֮⣬ûз̹սɵɢ֮󣬷Ѿֱ½սʱˣȴͬ˷ѽ˻صսǰ˼άˮƽѱӦΪս³ֱһߣ̹˶Ʒõ£˶ֱIJȱɼְ̹˵δ½սľʤ[8] -------- [8]ݶרԤ⣬죬ΪĿ̹սϵʱܲᳬ23ӡӪе̹ڿϵʱΪ3050ӡרĹƣ԰̹Ϊˡ־19962ڣ򡤱˵ڡδװսһ˵̹ˡǺܳʱģǵʹȼϵĺԺսеأδҪȻǵϵͳڹֱѼΪ̹ص㣬ΪֱǶװ׳IJ䣬ܱȡ֮־1997＾ţ ʵԽսʱڣֱоѾ¶âڰɽӢά˹ȺֱʡֻҪλӺͷװײʹֱ̹ս˶ʮꡣսڸֱһδչȭŵĻᡣһΣֱӣں岿1600ܸͺŵֱӴֱȺԱһֱžһ¾ˣ˷ȴ޴񷨹ڶսʱ̹˷ɢһҲֱΪװ׻еӺӵҵעҪڴսһսֱδȥ ͨCNNѡߡF117սս֮ʣֱֻжԡ桱ij谮ǿ⣩ܵ䣬սдġ¹󱨸桷⣬˻ǵΪɳĮ籩׹IJDZʲô³ֱڳһµըʼǰ20ӣСʱطкMH53JAH64ֱá𡱵дݻԤ״ΪըȺٳȫͨչʾֱױȵͻΪսƽ̨е˴䲹ҽƺ͡Ӫȡս졢ӶԿںսУѸٶֹƣջҪҲֱⳡսУӡչֱDZǡ۾ж101ʦ300ֱһսʷԶġ100๫ﴦ۾ߡǰսءлж׷׺ӹȺ󳷵Ψһ·סع̵Ӵܵ˲ӡ϶ⳡս½սζһսжֱӴȫŻдģĵսȺӵʿӱֱݻٵĹܳ򽵣ֱֱʻԱԭҰϵҰţһȦһʱսֻܿĹ۵㣬ѾЩġţСǴӸ϶ҡˡֱжͼֻΪװײṩֱ֧֣ӳϵijɹʹƻԶԶսĽչΪˣʩߴĿշ򲻵ò7ǰ15Сʱڸ˹ָ7ɳĮϵƽٶԶԶ˵Է̹սĹŵﰲδλǰһӮáսΪ̫̫һһǰŲս󣬸˹սΪɣŵµܲ[9]ʵϲ߻Ƿ߶ûץסʵʡ˹Ħ̹˵ĻָܵժֱΪϵġʱգûһս֤һֱ̹ܹսࡣ -------- [9]߽籩ָоݺĸ˹дһ飬̸7ԽɳĮٶûдŵµûе½ʱ1997818գ ʵǻԣ̹Ϊյġ½ս֮з涼ֱܵսҪΪϿ˷رĥϵʹ̹ȣֱսռһ֮ߣȫκεϰӰ죬õĻԵװײȱݡͬ˶еƽ̨Ҳ˿̹ѷɫ̹˴šˮ񡱵Ĵºŵս̨Σ̹ѿǣΪ֯һγɹģ̹˼Ⱥͻľΰһ̹Զ͵͸Խðķգ̹˴ڼ״̬ʱƴڳڷɢ𡢼ͻۿԴսɢֿɴλսֱǰѺƿԡʵϣ̹˺ֱΪһУǰԶǺߵĶ֣Ҫ˵AH64ֱġ̹ɱ֡dz¾ɵAH1۾ߡֱںսҲϰ̹ˣԼȴһֱǿ󹥻˭ΪԸ̹˵̹ˡ[10]أ -------- [10]¹󱨸渽¼P522 ڿ˵ˣֱ̹սߡںIJ֮ȽȽǣԡɳĮ籩еĺպսΪԼλᣬʣ̹սֻǸʱ⡣ò˶ãӿдӮ½սŵĿںţԽԽ½ָӹǽһγɹʶֱΪսġ½͡½ս¸ͻΪ׼ľÿһ´ʵС ʤһֻ ƲΪ˾IJʲȿ϶֪ʱһ㲻̸CNN ĵӱԣȫ綼ͳһͬһʱ俴˿սʱĶǵһĻϢʱһλͳһλƽⷽӵиȨִսͬκս֮ʵʱǽʵʱıʹսͨ˿ԴӴýֱӵ½Ŀɴ˴ýҲͳսֱɲֻ֣ṩսϢ 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ڿսǰòŴæվıƤ˽˵ڡֻƻµijݺۣսʵսԿվսվޣվӵ룬սԡ74İ취վָƽпվĸĸȡսԡսˡڡϵͳͨšܵ7վ˾֮齨սװ鱨4վ˾[15]ûкսƤ˽ͬǻ˴󵨵ı[16]Щսľˣ͸޷еõijʾͽ -------- [15]վıƤöɵġӡɵһɵӡ˵ǽɳذٸɵµĻͲ72F16װˣһЩսеĸŻҰ󡯡ͻȵɵӡЩսҲijװͻʱõŵġվ־19912£ [16]վɵ¡B˹Ϊսdz͸زһ飩ΪһͳһƻʵʩսжʱĹסսվ˾˾˶彫ָ确սԡ͡ս޶ɻͺ谭ΪչŬ˵زDZ֯ṹĸĸվAFM11վպۡP329ע8ֹܼƻսĸıᡤVǵ˹ϣӺսмȡĽѵǡ޸ĶǼǵսվֹܺ빤̵ĸıάнҲ޳ͨĸٱϷıڡϷܿ199139ա ȵȣȵȡ մȥǻῴֻƻ棬Ҳ洦Ȧɵ㡣ʵ˵ȱݺͿ֮ijһ࣬βʹǶ˿ӡⳡںḻսִܱսİٿȫ飬ûΪṩδսȫֳɴ𰸡ϾǴ¼ֺͷһʹòɴһ¸ʵ鳡ƾһ㣬ΪӮսʷϵľλΪ˼άĸѿṩһȫµ´ ------------------ ͼɨУ һҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ f|һҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ ¡ڴʲô սǶսʤľ ءЧʹø߼ ǿк͵沿սб ɫĹؼԭҲʹ ޶ȵĹؼԭ L˹ƽ սڽʮսвսһ硢ԱѾӲͬǶȿʼֻ꾡Ľʡύÿһݱ֮ÿһУԿ˷ʼ主ڳɹЩɹȫľӺ;˵ģϲɵ֮ҸоõˣرǴھּѾõŻ֮ǵовɱشä˼άڰѶһΰս죬һι˵˵äҪȥĿ⣬ӦԴΪֵĽڡ˾ȻģЩʲôǿ˵ ַ ϱսʱ½ͺ֮ʣվ֮ǵûܲ˺ب֮ķ飬ΪͳǴ¥ͷʹʷ֢ʹںս֮Чġ鷨εϰ˵α˵αȨ֮ơһٹս䶨ʦعǹ˵ԻǡĽǵڤ粻ӹµ֮սԤϵĽ̺ͽ֣֮ʱҲͬʹЩɳĮ籩ľ𶯣֮ʧȥֵãȻкȷΪ׵ʹУʹЩʶ˱ĸ֧ӵԣֳɼӾʮ½̨ĸսĸĸȫ𲽣һⶼںսĴʻͽѵ֮ϡһǧһǧķءһչսⳡǾʱһսʱĻ֮սս½ִһʣҳڱֵ֤ݣⲻ֪Ӿǽ֣DzһͷսĴġ ɳĽĻһȱٵԵȡλսʱ½ıս󼸸²ε½ıɳĮ籩½ı䲻Ƿƿɳ£̸ͻر38ըзͷĿվȣʱưĵսûܸľִѾõҫ½ÿؽڶָƵ˭֧Ͼⳡʱսе֢ڡʱ½ЮɳĮ籩죬վʽ΢ˮʯΪ֮ǿ֣ԼԶ˱ԤԼʽǡľս֮ȻɳѾʾϻľӽṹͼڷƽμǻʹ½޷21͵żµһǧ꿪ʼʱȷڸ½еȵλʹ»ûΨһ취Ǻҩ̥ʽij׸졣Ϊˣ˽һ֧ȫµġ21½룬ɢӵĸ½[1]Ϊ޶ȵؼڲйϰӰ죬齨ֱ쵼ֻ1100˵ġ·˹ϰDzӡúսлõľͽѵȥ֧ͨdzΪֻӡⲿӣijɹθɽ½ϢսıԵһ絽ֵǰ档ӶҲ֧ӴһȻ󵨴£Ҳǰϵĵ·Уδȷ˵ڵǣ˳ջĸĸ仹һݾ˽ģǾǴӼʮͷһС˵ľѵϣΪ½±ָķݶ -------- [1]21͵½ɳĵ֮֮ԺԴʼձŲȳڲҾӵˣѡ21͵½ͬڡֻӡɳIJΪѡ21͵½һ֡շ統һ̬ͷ򡱣½ӦϵؽСһ廯ĸĸ21Ͳӵһ廯սۡ֯ơѵָӹװʿ⣬Լʩȸ桱ۡ199556ºţĿǰ½ձ鿴21Ͳ½вӽϢʱҰսʵ顢оװɹƻʹս׼ִдڵ2010񡣡½ѵ˾ı޲ءУװ־199610ºţ ɳĵļĬҲϴ˵ǰιͼϼĸ[2]˭ֻ֪ӵĽޣɳĺĬľ֮໨ǮΪ˶ҪǮӡ21½2010½ٵ½̨ףΪŷķչĿѹɽֺ֧͸ľ½ĽЩԾһϲͨǣŽǴһʤеóδؾܵµʤĽ󶼺³¶˸ҶԼװĻʵ˵ġʵܶԡֻӡijηзڶԶһȷԸ۵ʱ򡣱IJ˵ǰ½ı׼һװӾҪ󡢹ҵٵյIJɹڳʮ꣬չġ18¶ɡ缼ġ60춨޷ЭĽ࣬áֻӡڼ϶ͺͱϳɾӶʹΪϱ仯¼֮޳ݣƣӦתУʴΪ[3]һ㣬һֵˣϵijּռ֮ϣһľ߳ǰԵĴ룬ҲΪָδ½չΨһ·ꡣο˭ָھͶԣδսУⲻһķҾȴһô쳣ĵŵ[4] -------- [2]˹J.ĬϽ˵2010½롷Ҳӡ21Ͳӡ͡½۵Ĺؼ21Ͳӡ½ʵʩļƻ½½еԶ滮໥ϣȷһıȷ½žȻķչ2010½롷棬1997꣩ [3]ٶԶԶװٶȵ󱳺Ÿìܣ߷󡱣һӵѶҵķչ͵ԵĸпԵõӡ֤ҲǰҵģʽְҵϢЭì֮һˣ˲ŶԸ־¸¼¼ɢֲ̬С [4]һڲҲвʡסУΪִٲһDz˽ġδսзյġܻܿһľ¸ɶԹҰȫĶIJźš־19957ºţ Կվ˵˿ĶŸְԼɳĮ籩жвսĿվӶһλ½ϽָӣûзΪսĴӮ[5]ȫ򵽴ȫĽ״ξսĿ飬վΪһ֧κսսԺս۴λûӺ[6]ʹó־Ƥ˽ĺ¾ߵøԶһЩΪһʤԼڽλаǣ50ǰ½ϳһ߹ɵĿվʱѷ°ɣΪں˴ϺȻij򡣼ʹվı½ıĬһΪͨսֶ21͵ľսж˽⡱˫ͼӺսлõĽѵ廯ʱ½ͿվĹϵͱýˡ[7]ԭܼ򵥣ԽԽӲĿվµһ½˭ҲԸսָӿȨڶԷվڸԵòԽϱᷢаٺһľ֮ʹÿоսжľ쵼˻飬˲й£ҲʹôӺսлõʻ飬޷ھּõЧĹһ㣬ֻ뿴սվ½½䲼սҪһȻ -------- [5]˹ɿվϽָӵϲӿв˾ҲҪʩߴĿշ򣬵Ͼںսгͷ [6]ȫ򵽴ȫΪսվսԹ룬19906԰Ƥʽ󣬺ս֤һĻԭ [7]½־199612ºţ½սһġ ҪָǣվսĵȻֹȨΪԡɳĮ籩塪дս۵ijɹĻӦǰеսӣѱ֤֮Чģʽı˻ӣü߼ĵİ취׸վָӻ齨ܹ48СʱڵȫκսΣͳͻȫ̶ܱսĿվԶӡһ򶼶ԵսϢսֳȳĿվɳĽֻ֮ǰȽ˿վϢսġЩٴij̨Ȼ뺣սջֱءϧijԲûܳݳֵı߽磬ѾõġּսжͷɻһںšֻһвվĽǷЧǵ½ͬţѾڻᣬƽֻӡһ֧ûκʴľ֣DzܴƹܾѲԱǿڴͳһֵġⷽ棬վСž[8]ھּҵԤսУϵͳǿվеһơͳġսƻһʼʹƵζֱͳȨ½֮Ҳûγս˶ڽ̫մȴʼղȴ[9]ƾ飬οվıΪԼľ˾ܶľѡĺǷ纽˾˾˹˹˵첿ںսеı֣֤߱˶ʹõDZֻ֪ -------- [8]1997վµķչսԡȫ롪21վ롷ǵսԹɸΪһ仰վΪĺ뺽һ֧ȫʹӰ޴ڡȫ롪21վ롷 [9]ֶܿͳȡսƻʵһֱδŻ̫վ»IJȫ롪21վ롷رָⳡԱĵһǽվһ֧뺽Ϊһ֧뺽˳ı仯Ȼĵĵں˾ǿ첿ӵã첿Ϻۡ19984£˾гԶ滮2020롷º4սƿռ䡢ȫսȫɡȫ2020ƿռҪﵽ5Ŀ꣺ȷռ䣻ӿռ䣻˹ϵͳֹзʹ˹ϵͳֹзʹúϵͳִ¡199810ڣP1011 İѺսһͷĻ˵ǰûͷƤë֮˵Ҳ޴̸Ҳǡǡһ㣬ӡɳĮ籩ϻĸˮǣڷ;УͿʼʷʹս˼ת䡣ʹЩľĥһʱ䡣ȻһɼУУΪɺ½İƤ飬˺İͷԱ̸Ľ壬һľ£ٰϾսȡƺȨԶʥʹͷһؽ֧Ԯ½սΪԼҪⲻ߮ijβĶ˾ȵǣ뾭ѵа˵Ȼõ˺ս½ս˾ǩ𣬳ġȨʷӰ졷֮Ҫĺס󵨵սͻ䣬ִ֧䶯ıѰ֮·ľһҪתȻȥԼ趨Ŀ겻½ĸҲվбתȻ߸ԣҸԡڲֵʱ˿½վѷɫĺȻҲϣڱȡһ˫񡣵һûһսзҪõľ֣ҪսһибסȶķݶһҰIJͼøһ鵰⣬ͱóƯķ׵ĸĸǣɺ½֮󣬺ַµİƤ顶ǰءɺ½[10]ѸΪġǰشڡǰز𡱡ǰսµļע˺սԣֹ꣬սϽˡ2020꺣롷ΪرԼܻ˵ľɱ󣬽εԼѷϽ棬ƶǰοʼĸĸѡƽʱڲ롢ͷֹͻսӮʤΪ21͵䲻ڵǣҲÿλǰһκһ޲ԺΪġһǣƵĺսУ½Ҫ෽չ𣬿վأΨк߱κκѲ߮ԶֶͶս۵ȻǣӦóΪսӵĺġλϽdzֻҪһ۵õͳ˧͹ͬ˳µľ͸ǣΪľõ㲦Ȩ1998Ԥ͸¶ʮһֱƵͼϣͺ½սоٵҡϽԸԳ[11] -------- [10]1992䲼ĺ뺣½սӰƤ飨ɺ½־սصת䡭ǿӽǰزǡǰءɺ½֮ɺ½ֳʵIJͬJMﺣϽ½ս־19953ºţλϽҲֱ˵Ҫ󺣾Ԥ㷽Ȩ [11]1998꡶桷 ϷյģǺսĴ;ּ϶ڵ״ᱻΪܽⳡսŬ򶯣ܻᱻΪȡÿȾͬʱҲϧôڵľ˺ͳɫͷԣȻھֵķ֮ڣ˴ǣƣ˴˵ʹÿȥʮǿľ֣ɵȻһ֧ĺŽǴ岽 ݻ֢ 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[15]1997꡶桷ùͬȽĿ20֣1Ͷϵͳ2ȷܻķϵͳ3߿Զ˼ʻ4пԶ˼ʻ5ȷźĿ겶׽ϵͳ6Ѳ7ģս8Ϸأˮף9öص10ƶ߼ϼƻʹõȽ11ս˽ݴ䣻12ģɢ13ջأۿڣ14Ƚϵͳ15սʶ16Ϻڣ17ս18ڷõ͵ֱ19Զͼ20СͿĿꡣ ȺԶһ廯 21½Ҫʦǡ20͵ʮʹ½[16]սУ½ǿıֺ͸߼սӰγԱȡһ򶼱Ⱥվص½ʶ˶ԱƽиĸıҪȤǣһذɫIJ½ϲ㣬Щոմʦָӹϸλúͽǵʦǡǿģܵ½ıһȺУУѾõġʦɡ͡ɡ֮սؿ˫ִһʣֲ¡ϴ࿸ŻŽǵġʦɡΪʦıƸվս飬Сĵ󶯡ӥպҶ־ġɡǿȻ෴Ϊ½ʦδͨսԣűҪǣʦģʦûʦַͬʱɳĽϡλ½ıˡδս˼άĵڶȴδ˵ǽжκΪڱغ͸ĸ֮һԣ½19961ԵĻеʦΪ齨1.58˵ʵʦ[17]ʦɡռϷ硣ɡȴϾʹ˰ݣǼΪʦıƹӴͱأӦ21͵ս󡱣ӶǹʱھͿʼʵеʦƱȫӦ֮56ǧ˵սΪսɵ½Ϊ˻⽫ǵķDZֳһ棬·бʽ½ͬĽְλ[18]ֵʦá۲ѵĵڣ½սָʵΡ½У׸ƷһУͬʱʦƣ֮5000ҵ12սȺ֮˱ƴСٵʣɸսʱҪȡľİ취ʵʽ顣Ŀ½ЩϣĬϽҪ½ٶⱾ[19]Ҳλ½ıֻۣ϶Уĵδǽ鵤ȴʧΪȥЩڽϱ˼άǵҩ -------- [16]21½ҪʦФ19951016ա½ʱ׫ģϸ˵¡ [17]½ʱ¶5ķо;ۣ½Ϊװʦͻʦƶ±ơµʦƶΪ21ʦơʦֱֶӡ1װá2áʦڱӣü1ú1ܺڵ֧Ԯ˾ɡȫʦ15719ˣԤԱ417ˣƶԱ˵ƶ±㲻ʲôԵıơʵϣֻܱһֱȽϱصıơ1998622ա½ʱķ̩˹ģ [18]ԼRֿ˻û½һģ־1997궬š [19]Ʒһϸ۵㣬ɼ199769½ʱФDյ¡ Ⱥĸ½ʣ5060ġȺԭʦ[20]ĸĸձΪһβɹijԣָΪԽսбֲѵļԭ򡣶׸꿴һδؾͲܳˡ˵Ⱥʮǰʱô˵νʢִװʹκһ֧СģIJӣڻ沿ѷģ֮öľӣرC4Iij֣ʹƻľսµս㣬ʱ򻹱ʮ˰뱸ʦƻƲţDzвʱˡ¼ķչǸ¼ij֣ҲֻһԶȽľ˼Ʊơһڰٳ󣬾¼װȵλڱһʵڱͬھ˼һԱӵеȽ¼Ҫͺ󡣴ϿáȺʦùɵķǺս½ƱдĹ룬ƱƸĸ˼½ͬվͺûиٹ̵ġ󡱴ͳǵĵҪԵЩرǿվɽɳĮ籩ͷʦһ紵ȫȡ˳ֽеսӸΪϳӣ˵һƱƵĸĸڰѡȫ򵽴ȫȷΪµĿվսĿּɿĸij򣬿ʼԼվнĽվԶӡķλ룬νվԶӣһ֧1175˺34ּڶȡơʵʩдѹƵпշм͵ȷɻɵġ´48Сʱڵսڳͻȫֿ̱սľӡⷽ棬վжνdz٣Ŀǰ齨֧վԶӡʵ𡣵ġ֧IJӿʼ齨ʱǰ֧վԶӡѾڡϷtɳĮסȾжո¶[21] -------- [20]ΪӦսҪ跨ʹںսϼܽսܵ棬1957½ԭʦȺʦıࡣȫʦ1100014600ˣΪԽǿ5սȺսʦڷǺսϹԱȽϵ͡ [21]վԶӹ룬¬վ׼ڡ־1996궬ϵ¡ ԺԣȻѾˡǰءɺ½սԣ齨ɺӺ½սӻԶӱ˳µ¡ٲά½ƮͻĿվͬͨһһεϰʵսĥԶӡĹ롣19925´ܲġðաŷܲġ˫ͻ̫ƽܲġɱ֡½սӵġϰϲġϷ˵ġʿԼġָϣڵġصġάÿһжԼ±[22]Ǹ֧һĸսȺһܽ䱸Ӻͺ½ս貿ɵġԶ涨ǣѸٿƺغսе;ϲǣ֧Զܵ½װȻϵػ˹׼Ԥʽ[23]μǶԺijʽƫʹرǺ½ս߳˺սʱӰڽµĺƱƺ󣬶ռеһֵĵλš -------- [22]񺣾ս½ս˾â˵ģھѲԽԽٵ£Ҫһ֧ģСܿٲںѵصսӡ19935£ѧ`ڡԶӡ½սӡ־19953ºš [23]199511ºšL¼ӡɡӳԽƽߵԽ̲ͷԤϵԤʽ𡪡ͬ1996겦7Ҷ;ܹʤϲԤƣ㵽2001Ϊý롭ԭѽһLPD17ܴ佢IJƳ1998꣬1996ꡣԤϵǣͶƱͬΪý9.74Ԫ սʼƱƸĸڲṹҲƽƺսı仯սҲԶӰ졣С͡Ѹݣȿھ´ִзսġԶ˸־õ±ģʽҲзЧĹߡǷ֣⼸֧Ӧֵġɱﵡٳһ˵ǵΣڴʱѾԽԽϲ䣬ҲԽԽ죬ر־εĻʹƱƽս˼붼ʼһ̵ĵҲ˵Եı仯Ŀǰͼְѵ桢кͺϵԶһ廯ġDzӡһ仯²[24]ֳֻһ廯IJӣѸݵȫʹʱǷͬصϽij͸Խӣڻϡ -------- [24]1993ȫ鱨桷вӡӦһģͻ45½ʦ45½սԶã10վսӣ100ܿվͺը45ĸսӣսӡ⣬ǻһڲӵ¸Ӧرϲӡս˾ҪضĿվӡ沿ӡսӺͺӱɡ ս۵ȫάս೹һ֮ң ˵ͺ󣬽Ƚľ¼ԡ֮ҵľˣ˳ɫʵľ˼룬ڼٶδսǸ߼սһ߶£Ȼ˿ɼȵλҲ¾¸¶ӿƷѧɣΨһֹһ⡣ սʹ򣬡¸֮ȫľĸֶ˶ʩЧʱֿںšΪ˼Ͷijֿںŵ׷棬ʲô顣ֻˡҪһҵѿʼȫ浽ľ¸УȷԼȵλҪģھ˼¼֮ڵʵսûɴӲ˹ijѾʼ϶µġ˼뻻ѪڶԾ¼δͬľ˼вΡܹҲδȫѶԼĿζʽƫã˻ڴ˷ͬѰġͻΧУijЩǶȫľͬijɹǡսۡijͣȻǡȫάս˼ij¯ սۡᷨ199111䲼ĵ1ϳװսһźսϢʸͻѾõġЭͬսͬսľޣҲԽһȱΪġյһսۣѡսۡҪءͳһָӡƽȡȫȫͬʱս͹Գ״ȷս˾˾ָӿȨ涨һֶܸݲͬսǣѡյһսչΪ½աһսǿսռȫͬʱսǿƽ£ƶƥľʾһδսսͬ˽ͻֵĺãϣʵһֽϡȷȨɺ;ֱ˴˵ϡϯɳʲάһβԸֲıʾЭͨ䲼Ϊͬжġ塯ġ2010ϲӹ롷[25]İһִĦ˺ɵĺɫУּ䷪顣Ϊʵһ廯ս; -------- [25]1996Ƴ2010ϲӹ롷ΪδսۣϲӼ1996ļšڡϲӼ1996궬ϣսԼѷͿվıʾ֧֡2010ϲӹ롷½ıĬҲ漴Ƴˡ2010½롷Ӧ2010ϲӹ롷 ʹһ״ĹңҲԶɳʲάΪô򵥣ۣжԡϹ롱̧ͷ½սΪҪϡȥѹйδӱɵۡϵһԽ¾ֶԵɥʧ롰ǿԪΥġվίرˡ2010Ϲʵзչּ໥ѧϰʱʵʱǵ˼Ҫܽ[26]½ⷽĿҲȥԶнɳʲάѪһ֮ơɼֻзڶĸĸŻ˴١ϢľΪԹߣȻΪļһֿɹ˼̾ΪսۡϹ롱ʵʸͲڶԾĿ϶ᣬͼʹͳһսռʵս޶ȵؽ͸ǵĸЧӦȻδҵһ廯ӵİ취֮ǰܹϳսֻһɹ˼ľڣյ㶼սIJ棬ûܽϡҰܲԿΪ˼ϵȱڶʮнսĶȻ¶ͷʱ̣ԵĿû½1993桶սҪȫάսĸǼֱͻ˼ġƶѪеȡ -------- [26]ѧ`19981ºţУΪĸﲻһ˳¡ ݱ13޸ĺĸļԶض쵽ڽٵս״ˡսжո¸һʹʶȫλսĿԣҲͱ½ΪԼսҵһdz֡ȫάս˼ǡ޶½1993桶սҪֳǿҴ¾ģںָӵ߾ʱָΪսصĸ˹Ǻı˵˼άλսε½ѵ˾˾˼ʷһʷͻơȻڴ˰桶սҪУ˹дľǣû塰սʵʩ̫ս֧ԮµͳһĿС桢Ϻս롰սͷսжĸֿжյһֶΣСĴȥϵκ仰֮ľ޴죬ûܷΪжս֮⣬ԶΪķǾսжĿԣָˡȫάսӦСȫȫ߶ȡȫ桢ȫʱ䡢ȫƵסֶΡص㣬սʷϴδйսʽ߸Ե[27] -------- [27]1997ԡȫάս꾡ܡP291294 ܿϧˣ׼ȷ˵½ֹθһƬУڸ˹ų½ѵ˾ϱ˾׶£˾ĴڵʱĻнսǸ徢ʮĻУһݵ½бشͳĴˡĿǣΪսжһԼԭ뷨սвܻӭָܶӹٶ԰ѷսж뱾ϵľжֿڻµ󣬡½γһֹʶѷսжֳԴһִΪѡսжд嵭ӵܵ¾жĻҡߵһ˹ĸͲɱˡںһ½ѵ˾˾񽫾£½98桶սҪ޶С飬ԡһ鵥һԭ򺭸½͵ľжΪڶ¸ҪشǵDzַսжһжֻǽսжΪȶ֧Ԯͣԭѹ鵽սжľԮά͵װսжףʹͳһսԭ֮£ԡȫάսĸɴ[28]ϿһԴɾͼľٶʵϣһ顣Ϊ޶¸ҪδġսжۻҵͬʱҲ˳Dzժмֵ˼ʵһ赸ʱе嶼ʦͨ -------- [28]½ʱ1997818Фյ¡°桴սҪݰı仯 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[7]ĴǵСĪָӰ21͹Ұȫ7ƣȫ򻯾ãȫ򻯵ļɢȫ򻯵˳༫ĹΣϵʵı仯ȫı仯ͻı仯ЩƵۺãγв̫ȫͻԴһΪͳijͻԴİȨɹͣͺȨˣþģɢڶΪδͻ¸Դ˥ܹе壨壩壻Ļڽͻɢʯ͡ҵˮԴ飻񳱺˿̬ѣֲ塣һж21͵ĹҰȫ˶вλĴ˶ԹҰȫļ⣬ٷҪԸһȽսԡ199716ڣ ִȫغɵ󣬴ĿĸӻʵĿֶΡʽĸӻˣΪȷҰȫĿʵֵĹսԼͨ˵ĴսԣҲҪԽھսս֮ϵĵ漰氲ȫָзͨ̿Σ־ֵۺ뾭áĻ⽻ԴȲһ𣬲ܻƳһĹ͹Ұȫغϵġ򡱡ս̬ͼ κվ̬ͼǰ֮̾ڶಢҿȾ޴˸ͻ棬˴˴ųĿ꣬ôһͳһġһֶκͷʽȥʵ֣˵ÿάij֮ΪѪΡľֶΣνǽΣֻͬķʽζԸڻûĺڿͣ۲ΪԴȫ۲ϵĹҰȫıϣнDzġľ֧һִҴõİȫԶǾһ֧Զ֧ŵġؼ漰ڶ̶γɺֺҪаֺɿʵʲķʽӦһְѾºͷǾάȡֶսġսսսijʽ෴ִսһƱؽͳһּȰֳԽӰҰȫ֮άȫս̬ԭӣֻǼ򵥵֣ϡһһ۶ϵĽϲзḻϲǧ򻯣ϲжԡʹִսֶޣӸϸı˼ǸִսĶ壺ִսʽеս˵ֶεʹСͬʱҲʹִսĸ˷ŴһֶѡսΧչ˵սǰֽƾֶξӭȡʤյԸ´ڡֻԵڴɽСijա£лʤҰĵľ˺μǣҪľҰʱƣƾս֮ȣͳս۵ ȥɽDZӭճ ------------------ ͼɨУ һҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ z*4һҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ ¡սĵŷ 21͵սʦ ЩԸµķʽϸ ԴﵽսսۺսĿˡ һжڸı䡣ıըĸ£ȫչսĿĵս޵ģǾֶκͷǾԱսķΧ͹ģ󡭡Щ仯۽һʱţսʱѾ١һΪÿһֱ仯Ѱ֮ƥսΪеı仯ҵһֹͬս֮Ϊδսǧ򻯵֣ҵһһӦŷ[1] -------- [1]ս͵IJģȴܾ䲩۵ԼΪսӱ˵ķΪڡˡƲȻաĿºʹԵΪнһʧѾõԡȫ򻯵Ḷ̌ʹѰҰȫʱաˡķʽ˼άѧѡͽʽġȥкоľѧĿʼ򣬲ӰʱսɲάӭϢѧۣϺꡢϺ磬1996꣩ ȥսƵ ˭ս˭ҲûС־ͨССʦʽԤԼ֮ڣ׵ĿͨƬһǵĴĻϡ̫չϵǽɱսĺDZͧ𣻴κըͶŵľȷը˹Ѳ󽢷Ѳϵ£ȫ渲ǣνһ㡣дԵģĪڶֻŷıѵĽеһʵϰ ڰݡֻӵָģϵʹǺ͡ǡɻﴫ鱨ԤսըǺԤþȷĿꣻװױźװֱַԵзͨϥϵԽָôͷ׼ߵԶʵij棬һʿ꣬ͰѼڱͺձǿɽһߵĵз̹Ⱥ30ԺĵĻʾ̹ѱС ĪάɳĮеϰųơ21½ȫֻװġ1ʤ1ƽ6Ľܸ˴ͳװġⲢƶϰŷΪĿһ¸[2] -------- [2]1997315½ڼŷıѵĽΪ14ֻDzӸ߼սϰ½ıĬϽ˵һʵĿȷʵս21ͲӼܷ˲شоԵ⣺ģͬģģʵıಢµּװIJӣе½սٶȸ졢ɱǿһϰ199731723յš꾡 Ȼƶָľ¸ǰ˵ЩԤԼսһޡ 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һȫµսǰѾϰ˵ĶսĹ۸УʽܵҡеЩͳսģʽϵͷҲ֮սĽǴͳõı¹һƬǽ塣ӹɵĽǶȣǶ뽫ῴ ˣǵѾҵ˴ӡ߼dzʼһ־¸ٳδɵԭ򡣴ʷսʷϿδйһξ¸ڼƸɡֻڱ־һ߳ɹľ˼֮󣬾¸̲ŻửϾšһҲ⣬ɸ߼¾¸ܷԲľţȡھ˼·߶ԶֻһأҪڼǧս֮ijޡ Ҫһ㣬ֻڼӷüӷ֮ǰ볬ԽһεġʷġĻġµ֮ϣг׵˼롣ûг׵˼룬Ͳг׵ĸûг׵ľ˼룬Ͳг׵ľ¸ڴ֮ǰӺͿάĶԼ˾դ֮ڣֻάƽƬ˼Ŀռ䡣൱һʱۡ߶˼ĹڳǰЩʿݡǵȻᶮãԽһ޶Ⱥͽߣ˼˼ǰᡣֱ죬Щֻսϴ֮󣬲Ϊսɱˣսɱ˷֮ûʲôֵȥעˣҲͬûŪһ㡣 ˵ûгٶ۵Ϻ޷Ӧĵز¾¸Ƶȡ½ѧԺսо˹ġȺղķ˹άأʵѾеһ㡣Ƿھ˼Ұȫʵٵв֮IJࡣ˼ͺʵҪ˵Խˣⲻ˵ëкܵ͡һ֧ӹڼоԸijض͵ĵˡʱͿܻᱻҰ֮һֵ˻ܡ˹ġȺղķ˹άȷرǶԴ˵ǡǽһָܹٷļǿ½ǿ԰Ϊע˼άʽȥؿδͻʶ21ֻӽսһ¼뻪ԼװսΪ־˼ά½ս׼ģǵȻϣսԤײԼǹϡ˿ʽһԸֻһǰǰĴչƻ21½ȶڶԸװ׵ĵˣ¸ͳϵͼˡеȵ˻ǾƵ˵ĻͿܳƵȲ⡱[16]ʵ¸ͻδ֮ʣѾԶֵֹ˴ƵȲ鷳Ǻڿ͵֣óĴըDZըϮ󳬳ƵȡζԸĵˣȻϺֶϣرھ˼Լɴս׼㡣ΪǴδǹΥͳΪɾܾǣӾֶ֮ȥѡսֶΣȻҲͲʹϳµֶΣµսʵֻԴһ۽磬һ˼룬ͿܽüۺʱӿֵĴ¼صĸܸˣ˶˼άͺľ¸֮֡ǿζɽ֮ʯԹ塣 -------- [16]½ѧԺսоо桶ս¸۵ߡ DzЩеȫң½ϣʲôЧ ٶѾϢķ֮䷢սմͳսһһ㶼ȡ桢ǿȡ廯ģʽԵչսͻֶβ졢ӸšģϮӾȷػءܵ½кսǵйսܣԼ顣սȫһһֽ֣磬ڵйȫûв£һܵʽ𣬶г͵ϮΣԤڶԷϵͳеĵԲڿͷֶӣͬʱԵн繥ʹõͨڽͨѶ绰ڴýȫֻ̱šͷɧҡΣ󣬴ѹþֶΣֱȵǩ֮ˡȻδӡս֮ľ磬Ҳǡս֮ɡսϣӣ ⲻֻһ˼·϶һֿе˼·մ˼·ֻҡӷͲϳûս өө ¡¡Ǿ¡ ĩ੤੤ ԭս⽻սս ĩ੤੤ սսóս ĩ੤੤ ս鱨սԴս ĩ੤੤ ̬սսԮս ĩ੤੤ ̫սսս ĩ੤੤ ս˽սƲս ĩ੤੤ λսƷսýս ĩ੤੤ ֲսս壩ʶ̬ս ۩۩ κһսʽһϵսʽϣӶγȫµս[17]⻹⣬򡢳͵ؽͬսʽмϵսѾٹսʵСԱȡĶԲ߾ǹҿֲս鱨սսսս籱Լ˿Σʹõ士⽻սˣսֶΣǰϹ£˲ȡdzս⽻սƲսսýսս鱨սȶµսǻע⵽19988µĽڱսУԸͶǵֶǽսսսýսܴ۳أսá⣬̨ӡαҲ׳Ϊһֽս˽սսֶΡ -------- [17]ǿ͵սʵʵڵսDZݡս۲ʲôǴͳʽľսǾеĸսΪԿʽ棬ΪսΪǶʵģս֮䣬Щǹȥеʽս鱨սЩȫʽսսָ⣬īӴܹķսijɷ֡սߡߡΪеԹΡ£ Щ֤УǿԿӷսеá˵սڼֶκƣսǻܽӮսȫҪؼϵĻô죬ϢΪǰļըΪṩֿԡֻҪԸ⣬Ҳͼ͹۹ɣǾܸҪеƴɸֱͣӮƾ֡ û˭ܸδսһݰʤܵҩ սʷϳָֹսʷŶûԭЩսԾĿĿˣսҲʧȥ˴ڵļֵսһֻտ𡱣ֻտƾ˼·ԭԲӦ䣬˵ϣһֻտһֻ˼άĿտͬκԺǿսֻڿװĿʱſʼָԺԡһսܷȡʤĹؼڱģֻܰʲôװֻ йδ¼̸սʱ˵֮һġ⻰ȥȻȴǶȷʹֶΨһ׼ȷĽֻ͡һ㣬DzܻһֳԽڶս֮ϵս򷨹һսսᡣϱijԽԣ޷ʲôսܹԽ֮ ۾ô򵥣϶Լ򵥵ͷԡ ------------------ ͼɨУ һҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ uhzһҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ ¡Ѱʤɣƫ Ϊߣ棬 ֮Ϊߣ ֮ ƪ빵ȥ̸ϣȻҪ˵ѹȦ۽⻹ӦýһС㣬ǷиĵСܶϤϲõؾôʹҪһٴΣҲ޲¡ սʷϣûйһʤƽлõġԣڸְ汾ġУŻҪͻĿꡢ𹥡𶯡ػذһЩжεЩﱳģŲdzڡթĿǣΪ˺ʹñ϶бԭƾֱЩӮùʤ̵ĺպ֮ʶһֻӦΪʤɡĶĴڣǧεؽӽʱգûһλͳ˧һλ˸˵ҵֹɵɡʵһֱ˷ľʵС˵ÿһξʽʤսֻ֤ÿһΣǶϳϻ򲻸ҿ϶Լʤӭ˵ĴࡣࡰڡʽսʷרҲڰùʹղҪ졣ʤɵĵȷȷǴڵġ˰ÿһսĽָ˭һߣ˭ͻ̤սߵı˴šʹЩսӣҲδĿùʵס ƽָɰ һж߱ϴ˹[1]˼֮·һصֲڶ0.618˻ƽָɣ 5-120.618 -------- [1]ϴ˹ǹϣѧҡѧңԣһжһִ󶼿ԹΪĹϵܱϴ˹ѧ˵ͷĶһ𣬵Ȼ̵Ӱϣŵѧŷ˼ķչͳϱϴ˹ĸļ˵٤ҲΪDZϴ˹ߡƽָ֤ĺгϵֻDZϴ˹˼һ־áе߰ٿȫ顷һP715 Ժ2500䣬ʽһֱǷΪѧĽɣʷŷ֤ˣǿΪ֮бdzΪƷѧƻһʽʱ侪ڹϣũۼΪ񼣡㣬ŷĴֱߺˮƽ֮Ĺϵȫ1:0.618ıѧʦ²ġ½һУҲǸݻƽָɣҪġƻ߶ȡۣһ۶ȫĽʦͽﶼӰ[2]ϧһһవʾȫɵĹʽʱУδ߳ءЩ츳˵˹ǣûʲôʶƽɣͬʱҲܻΪ߸ɴͬҪӵĹɡֱ1953꣬Jŷ֣ûƽָѰ㣬ܹرƽ״̬һֱйѧһ޸Ϊѡ0.618һйΪȻ֪˺սʽռ˶Ч΢ȴʾƽ֮õǰ[3] -------- [2]ĹŵԡĪɭ90ҳ [3]ѳΪLֱ߶ηֳ֣ʹһֶȫıȵһֶⲿֵıȣX:LL-X:XķָΪƽָֵԵ0.618ӹϣ19ͶΪıѧֵʳΪƽָʵϣ򵥵İ취ǰ23581321ó233558813ȱֵΪֵǺϺ磬1980꣬P20572058coc2 ʵԾջƽɵʶ֮ǰѾƾֱؽ˸ԵʵȻ©򡣴սʷЩ˳ƾսۺսУǺ׾ҳͷҰƮצۡ ĿͶԶ֣ᷢһϵӣھؼ伸ʰǡеĻȣӵڵصеĶ㣬ӷɻ븩ը״̬Ͷ߶Ⱥ;[4]ߵijսת۵Ĺϵ޴0.618Ӱע[4][12]ԭδɨУ߶ɨУʶ -------- [4]ըǹʹýർƵͷƵըһҪʱӵͿս뵽սչ㣨Ŀ4050Ȼ20004000ףתսھĿ510ʱʼ壬ھֱΪ13001600ס6001000ʱ30㣭50Ͷ幥ʱĻ˾ߡͼ IMG src="սע10.files/cxzh1.jpg" ˹ۡ־199210ڣ ַսʷһԾ0.618һڹŽսСʱڵĽ۳֮սʾ֣Ԯ֣֮ս۳ꡣӳѳڻʵĽ飬о֮һ֮һ֮оϾ¾¾֮䣬֮ҾҪѡǡڻƽָ[5]ǰᵽɽʿİ֮ս˰ǵĹ㣬ѡ˲˹ӵϲɵǣλҲսߵġƽ㡱[6] -------- [5]йսʷһᣬP257273ͼ126ij硣 [6]ʷһP117԰֮սо⣬ֱ۶ս̬ͼ ǶԳɼ˼ɹΪʲô쫷ϯŷǴ½ĸзѽ⡣Ϊ˵ĺҰ̡ԼĻЩɣԶԴȫŷĽ͡бĸΪҪԭ򣿹Ȼƽָٴʾ棺Ƿ֣ɹսͳķͬ5УıΪ2:3˿׵Ϊ2鶯Ϊ3һƽָ㲻ܲλ˼ҵ򣬱ͳ˧ͳĴսŵŷ޾Ӹ߳Ȼ¡ ŷ˳˰ѻƽõڽ츳⣬һǷãƺúֱڻҩʱڣǹȡì֮ƣȽǹͳì԰࣬Ը촫ͳĺĦʿδʶһ㡣˹ǿͽе󣬲ʹӳΪʱŷսľӡǣĦʿԭ216ì198ǹж֮⣬96ǹһıʱͻ˻ãʹ֮Ϊȱʱ͵ķˮ롣Զǣ19896ǹ216ì֮ȣһο˻ƽɵĹߡ ֹЩɣdzΪ֮Ĺ֮ǰִһδΡΡǷȷʾġ18126£ؽ9£δIJ޽ŵսۺ󣬽Ī˹ƣʱزδʶźһʧһҵĶת۵ͬʱһº󣬷ڴѩ׷гĪ˹ƣµʤµʢ˥ʱϿʵ͸温Ī˹ƳʱþͲŻƽָߡ130һ6£ɴ¹ġͰƻڳʱ¾һֱŽͷֱ19438£DZж¾ӴתƣûܶվһοԳ֮ΪսжĽǻҪһʵҲ֮ΪɺϣսʷѧǹΪսת۵˹ָսۣ粻ͷսĵ17£Ҳ194211£ǵ¾ʢ˥26ʱϵġƽ㡱[7] -------- [7]ڶսʷٿȫ顷࣬ž磬1988ꡣԵսP684694 սսǰݾרҹƣ͹ӵװԱкըʧﵽ򳬹30ͽɥʧսΪʹĴﵽٽ㣬һӳըʱ䡣ֱɳĮʱսڵ4280̹е382280װ׳е323100Żе47ѱݻ٣ʱʵѾ60ң͸Щпݣ0.618֮1991124յ峿ʼٴ˸100Сʱ󣬡ɳĮ籩ĵս ЩɢʷеDz˼顣ؿȥ̫һһżȻˡûɵ¡̫żȻʾͬһ㻹ܼƽذǿżȻ𣿲ʱϣǾǹɡ ʤ﷨ƫ 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[10]֮սʷսսʷжἰġɽͳ˧ʤ֮ڿ֮սͼIJï˵ġƫɡаͳ˧ʤ֮»ţ1996棬P1113 ֮ͬսۣѱܵзâΪԲԣȡƫսսģʽǡôذѵз˥ߵ㣬ΪʱսԵطϻƽɺƫɡ սһɺϻôǾͻսʷиؿƽɣƫ⡣һִսҲԡսʱ¾սۣͷβ͸˵ɵľ衣ǽ̹˴Ӳս׿һսʱ·սΪսۣԼˡ¾ͳ˧Щ¾ɵϽϣѰɽѡΪ¾Щڵʱ϶ͳԵشСƫԡһƫ򣬵¾˼ĸת䣬ҲʹʷҲӢϿ룬Ӣڶؿ˶̵جΡǰ˭뵽һ漣ͼϵ͵ľ١ʩ̹͹ŵﰲ֣֮[11] -------- [11]ʩ̹19371938䣬ǵ¹½ıϯıγڵ¹½ڲìܣʩ̹½ܲεʮʦʦ1939꣬¹½ܲ뷢սƻɫսƻͼǿԤڱʱӢԽıڻ档Ȼƻ1914ʷҼƻķ档ʱAžıʩ̹Až壬ⶩԼսƻԱ¼սݰķʽһ½ܲһֱܲ߼ܾʩ̹򱸸ջ½ܲεʮ˾ʩ̹ȴϣյĻᱨԼ룬˵˶Ծȫеߵϣաս¶سΪʩ̹ƻҪǣΪص㣬ʹװײӣӰɽͻϮʧȥʤʩ̹йž¿ѧԺ1980꣩ ŵﰲָӵװ׵ʮžǡʩ̹ƻɫʵߡӢۡŵﰲսʿ磬1981꣩ ͬһսУսԾƫʽսжӳյģɾٳձϮ۵ӡɽʮԺĸʹһŵﰲ̹ˡȻɽʶ԰սнΪδϾսȴвȷؽĸ佢ػѡ˶սΪ˻֮ڶʱܿ˶̫ƽذ湥ͬʱֳֿǵϽӵĹ뾶Ҳȭͷܴ򵽵λãӶѡ˼ȶԶ̫ƽأȵõ鱨ŵΪ㣬ֵһǣλϾսŷڹغδսֵĵһսУѡIJĺսǶ۵͵Ϯƫ棬ʤ[12] -------- [12]ɽʮھϽ˾󣬷ձĻżಿȹɱ϶͵Ϯ̫ƽ󽢶ӣʹ̱1941127գƽָӵ6Һĸ423ܷɻɽʮļƻϮۣɣǡŵ4սнը188ܷɻʹ̫ƽ󽢶Ԫˡ¶أڶսʷP276335 һӦѾãǻƽɻƫɣӦȥ⣬ֻڱϰ侫衣˲Ϣսκһλͳ˧ָӹ٣㹻ʱṩ㹻Ϣһַȥδǻƽָ㣬һȥΰƫȵ⡣0.618͡ƫĵҪرҲѧϵijʤ֮ǧ򻯵սսսвϳûֵǧ ʱֶεѡϣ纣սУʩߴĿշѿкըΪֶΣһս½ͺȫǣ ʱڲԵѡϣİѽԽĺսΪDZ̴ͧϮ֡ȺսԶȺϾսӢв ʱڱѡϣصĻڡŵﰲ̹ˡɽʮĺĸƽ𺣰жеľȷҩбսƽ ʱڹѡϣӺս[13]еɶѷذѷӵĺǰ涨ΪҪ㣬ʹһսʤһϵ۹ĵ -------- [13]ӺսǰɶѷµĽڡؾı亣սͳʽսѼΪ֧һ֧90ȽǽнӵвоȻбкֻһ֧жоǰйоȵǰֻ֧ԮΪʱ̫ӺսĽɶѷԤƵļһģһսӢȫʤսʷ磬1994꣬P143155 ʱսѡϣĴжսذѰԽʿ˺ӵDգѡ˹իеʮգѷʱ䣬ֱɫͫ׵磬һٸдԾսʤ[14] -------- [14]Ĵжս£¡߶ţ1975ꡣжսǶϺij磬1979ꡣ ʱڱķǾϣһսǰ¾ͳ˧ƶַġʷҼƻ󵨵ذ72ʦе53Ϊʣµ19ʦսߵвһδʵʩɳҵʷսƻ ʱıԵϣ繫Ԫǰ260꣬ͬоսշ飬ȹ֮ϵʹԹʧȥѣּԺͣʹԮԣʩ֮ƣʹĶ̸ֽմԾڳƽһʤԸԭ˵ؾǿ󣬲˵ƫڷı[15] -------- [15]йսʷij磬ڶᣬP197 ֵӺоĻһּ󣬼ԽԽĹң¹Ρú͹ȫشϣƫ֮⣬ֶβ䡢ḻֶΣԴﵽƾ޷ﵽĿġǴս϶սеһƫͬʱҲԤʾţδսƵسֳֶֶνƫʽϵơ ֣ѡ񣬶޲СƫԡƫɺͻƽһһʽƽвСԳơ㵽ƽȣŽƫ档ֻбⴸӲĽŻҶţࡣսƪǧʤ﷨ ǰеĻƽָɳΪɣôΪʲôھеľʽ֡ƫɣΪʤɣ ȫƫʽϵҪ ڹһڲУһijȫռͻĵλصĹϵǺгġģôܻʲôط0.618:1ĹʽȻҲͻƫɡΪȫء壬ijءΪΪƫһضĿ֮ƫ͹ӹϵţභţƫǣ˫ǵƫķСӣһĿȻĿķ仯ʱµؾͻֲȡɵأеȫعµƫϵ׽סȫĹϵ͵ץס˻ƽɺƫɵҪ塣 ݴ˳ǺܿԴսӵϵУҪĽ磺ȫֶȫֶΣȫȫȣȫ⡰ȫϸձսеƫϵ ԺսΪʵʩɳĮ籩ηɻѲ;ȷըȫΪֶ38ĿкըȫֶΪǿվȫΪЭͬԹ͹ΪصȫսĿڴˣǾ£ԾƲá⽻ý幥֮ȫϡ ϵǵĿġԴս˶ԣҪIJΰպЩϵ֪κιҵսԴ޵ģʹۺĹҡսҲ벻ϿЧѱȣСܡԭ򣩺̴øƯսԻ͵⡣ˣҲԵʹúͷսԴκι˵ʮֱҪҪҵȷķҲսԾƫɡʵٹڴǰԾùһɡ ǰ󣬶˹ľÿ¡ʧȥݵijԵλ֤ҵʱȫġڴ£ͳ˧ȻȴʱԼδսԣսսԺΪһԶսʱѡΧһѡϵ˳˱ýṹ෴ִţͷѡȫơ½[16]ɺ½ȫ롱վ[17]ȷΪµսĿ꣬ѡֻװܹԶսɻΪһȡM1ϵ̹ˣĸF16ЩƣΪе֮ơ -------- [16]ȫơ½䡶2010½롷սĿꡣ [17]ȫ롱վ199721ͿվչսԣȡӦսƵġȫȫִսԹ롣رǿ˿վ6뺽ƣȫ򹥻ȫٻȷϢƣս֧Ԯȫ21վ롷 ӶԸսԵɿɱСΪѡѾʱѡ˵ɱDZ༼֮һȼܸҪǶսĿġսĿͰȫĻǡˣӦǶԴĿΪЧıұлϣϵͳءִ£ѲǵһǡϵͳɡͬʱǸϵͳеһ[18]¼ӿ֣սĿIJϵΪѡʹ÷棬ṩ㹻пռͬʱҲʹȫӹϵø˷[19] -------- [18]ϵͳϵͳĸβḱϯĺϽŷ˹ĸ߼ʲ˹ͬоĽŷ˹Ϊ¼ֻǾɻ̹˵ƽ̨ĸǼ˴ϵͳͨϵͳԼȷƵϵͳأЩϵͳĽ룬ʹӵıƺսʽԵĸҲӦٷ½վǡܱϾȡѧѧִ¡¡²ŷ˹ķ¼ [19]¸ļɵֹۼⲻͬDzΪԴ͸սȻԡΪսĻȻҪġ ͬҲӰսֶεáսУѾж쾭ĵֶΣֶΪֶεĹڹʱҲ˶ã˾ͻ֣ᷢڶԸ񱾡Ŀֲ֯սУֶֻȫɶֶеһ֣ΪЧġܶɻԴֶΣܿܲѲֶϵչĽڷɱս ֶεĸӻdzһоϵĽսƽ񻯡ˣ˵ȫ⣬˾ڲսжбĵȡãȫں̶ֳ϶սIJ롣ְҵ˵ս׼սжԽԽسΪӰҰȫҪʱ˭δսȫΧڱһȥ⡣ѾǰᵽġͽϮӡȹĵ¼֤ⷽݡ ǴսжǷսжֻǾսжֻҪǴսʵж㶼һ׼ȷѡҪս͹⣬Ҳսսս߹ɵȫϣȷȵ⡣⼸һмӵоֶΡͳ˧Ҳͷ۵⡣ɽ󡢺Ρɶѷ֮йŴ䡢ȴóѡвĸ֡¶Ҳע⵽һ㣬ѡԤϵж͵ֿ·߽սԡսռѾ½Ρá⽻ĻĽ죬صĽ滥ʹȻijΪÿһսսڷսչĹ۵˵Ҳ˽ܣԽԽļƾˡʵԶڹŵսʱڣսͲʼվڵһУ硰ڹԡ⽻սī빫սھӮûսĵͷֿսķʽԵ˵ӦһʾΪ߶ȷļۺʱΪǿٳԶȹ˹öʩչǻۺֶεʹڷǾӮþʤ÷սֶδӮսķԸΪܡδսʤ߬ͱһǰóֵ˼׼һҲԾжΪУһܲ¹ȫսһսʲôʲôֶΡʲôԱԼʲôʲôнУµȻһδ֪ ֻ֪һ㣬ַʽսʤȷƫȥաȫһ ǹɲǶʽ ս˵ҲĥĶҪ֧ţܴʿıԣҪУų飻ҪѧľȷȷʱʹڻеͽӲҪѧij󣬵˼ڰķ϶ݼŵս սûжʽû˸ս¡벿¡ĿԣûһսӮеսսûйɡΪڳʤĻǩԼ֣Ϊǿʤɡ Щ֤ʤɵĴڣֻȴ˵ð¡ܾáսʷһáǶǻͳ˧Լʵ磬ʶڵŻڻѪȸɱ֮С ʵһйɶǴֽͿܷͱ ƫɾһָֽӣƮȶһЩ˵ָͱʤ֮űȻ򵥵ÿһֻһ﷨ȥӵüʹ㾫ͨѧ﷨ҲҲ𰸣Ʈ̣ű߼ʣȶӰӣÿһʤճ ˣǰƫɿԭǶdzֿǵһԭԡԵĶӲף辫ȷԲǾԵİɫº[20] -------- [20]ƫɲǡе˶е춼ǰɫġĶָӮսʤһɡ ͨսʷо϶ƫʤɣòȷдÿIJԼȥյ⡣ΪսеĶɱһֱÿʤ׷ߣΥ߱ذɣīس¹ҲʤʮУ裬Сʮơνһ˵ҳս֤ʤԭ0.618ϣһϸջƽָȥսսۻսˣضеʧܵɬǻƽɻƫɣҪǰվ裬ԭ̻ʩЧ򭡣ŷʷ˹ͺս᯻սУһɽʽġбιΡȴȻͬ˹ͺսеķָӹճսʷҴ۵Ƥµͼбζι³ʿӵʱ˲վһͿءһڼݵٴأȴ²ãͬбιΣһȫ߰¾һսνζ[21]ǣûԶȷսֻԶȷĹɡͬʱǣȷĹɲܰʤܣʤؾڶԹɵȷáƫɣȻǿƫҲһζƫȡʤƫҪ˼·ҪƫDZϵƫʽϵƫʵսУÿһζҪѹ㣬Ӳѡ0.618ʽġƫϣʤɡҲһʤǡǡҪľͻơһΣǡƫսԣѧ[22]ѧѧ޷ԡڴϣǸڿ϶¼˾ĸ -------- [21]ʷڶP201սʷP860 [22]DzϻսرڼռʱгģϲȷͳĹȡ־УоʩصáҶطԽսճͻսз־ô˷1993Բս׼ȷԤ⡣¿ѧ磩 Ҫǣ˵ƫȻijЩ治ɱйŴŵġ֮غϣȫͬڡΪڹŴǽʹõֶΣνսߣϣʤսƲ֮䣬ʤҲ[23]ƫǷǴ˼˵ֶΣǿ͹۹ɵij֡ҪڣȻսʷϣʤս׶ȴеʤȡʤȡʤҲƫֻͬҪǰÿһʤʤʤжһѰʤɵӰǡ桱ƫǡƫ -------- [23]ļӱơΪŴҪս仯Ī⡢Ϊ桱Զ󽻷棬֮ν̫֮ڶԡ֮ĵãμŶһ̫ʶԡУ˶ԡּ⡣ ǰƫʤɱöôöֻģнСʱ·ΪֻģʺգǶʽ˼άȴصǻ0.618һƽǣ߼ݺ;ȷ붫ֱͻ磬γ˶ǻ۵Ľϲɴ˵ʤɡ˸ŻƽĹ󣬴Ŷغܣһ̫͵ķܣ˰ũϣׯϣǧ ------------------ ͼɨУ һҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ juhһҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ ¡򷨹һ սӰ쵽͹ܵ ͵ļ۸񡢳гʳƷ ۸֤ȯƱļ۸ ǻƻ̬ƽ⣬ͨ Ļÿ˵ļͥ ġз ֪ʤɲھʤ֪˳ܵļɣܵɹھһʤɵķ֣Ƕսɵ֪߾ʵˮ׼սϣܹӮʤˣȴϲڶʤɵƽࡣؼǿ˭ڱʤɡ ڿܵһսУʤɶսʤߵҪdz̡һҪͨսϽʤȫɣ˴˶׼еãȻҪս֮սдӮսս֮ս϶ȡʤ ض˵ʩߴĿշɳġɳʲάִ˶㲻ϡִһȺͳˡΪ˵ִ˺ʹͳ֮䣬Ѿһ蹵Ȼ蹵DzɿȴҪһγ׵ľ˼άԾְҵ˵һ󼰵¡˵ȴֺܼ򵥣취ǣһؾϵά ΪĿIJֶΣոʱ˼ҪľŲ[1]ͣζŶûʿͳͻƣƵزȡеȫֶȥﵽĿģսˣ¼㲻磨Ϊйĺ[2]ǰҲȷġ˼롱 -------- [1]Bۼάʱ˵ǹڱ𺧵ģʱҲȷʵھסܸһذѵʼ壬ôҲ˼롭ά￴ǸĿΪǺõģһҪѡһЩʤεֶȥֶεôѧ̬ع˼Ŀ֮ΪΪ񡣡ۡ磬1987꣬P115123 [2]սĺӣǷ֮ߡ˵£ʵʹЧΪأνߣԹΪ֮ҲĿĻơй˼ͨʷ®磬1957꣬P616 ˴ǰǽ޵Ĵڣһϣֻ塣νޣָԽб֮ΪǿΪ޵ĶʵġĻǼģҲ޶ȡ޶ơ߽硱򡱡ɡޡǡɡսԣսͷսĽߡͷĽߡ˺ͷǾ˵ĽߡǹһdzҵĽߣҲӦѧۡͳϰߵȵȽߡ֮ǰս޶ضΧڵһнߡ޵ĸָ˼ϵijԽβָжʱҪҿܳԽ޶ȺͽѡǡֶΣֶΣָʱʱDzüֶβɡڼۺʱľ˵ʵ࣬ʹԴָһﻯͷﻯԴķḻʹDzٵƣͻƵֶΣάĻҪöࡣˣڳ˼άҪҲ͸Ϊס ǰ˵սʦDZеļβơսУЩֶΡԼıԼϣھеġޡϣڽȻѷdzҪӮýսʤڹ֮䣬ͱ롰ϡյȫսԴ༴սֶΣҲ밴աʤɡҪȥϣȻΪʤɲܱ֤ʤҪһֻ÷ȥժֻ־ǡޡdzԽһн޲ҷʤҪȥսǾ͵õһĸһȫµսƣ ƫʽս ڣƺһۣ˵ޣӦǰ޽ɣԽһУʵϣ޵ijԽDzҲġκγԽֻһ޶ڽС˵޲ޣֻ˵ġޡijһijĹнߣڸͷϻֶΣʵּȶĿꡣ ΪսµĶ塣 ΪһԡޡΪҪսԭǣڱⱾķΧֶȥ⡣磬ҰȫвʱǼ򵥵ѡҶԹҵľ¶ԿáϡķʽΣ ʷϿǰȫ̬йˣµͬĴϵĹңǡ塱ϵĴСڡִԽԽܵԺȫԳ֯ŷ塢ˡŷˡˡʻһ֯Сó֯ԼΪӴϹ֯ȣӰ졣⣬֯ɫɫķǹ֯˾ҵЭᡢɫƽ֯ƥίԱᡢڽֲ̻֯ڿСȣҲͬŹҵЩҡǹ볬֯ͬ˵ȫϵ[3] -------- [3]ġзڡתơٽ21ʱ֪ʶƸͱУһС̸͵ȫ֯ڿһشתƣһһҼȫԽǶʿתơνġȫԽǶʿָŷ嵽˾ЩССķǹʵ塣Ϲ1997Ͷʱ桷ͳƣȫ44000˾ĸ˾28ڹӹ˾͸ҵЩ˾ȫ13ȫ70ĶֱͶʡ23ó70ϵרתáתԡձ19981227յ棬¡ȫ򻯵ԡ Ҳûжע⵽أڵDzһλ볬εתڡһʱڵҪǹɣ֣ڿʼΪһ볬ҡҡǹΪһ壬ڹ̨˭޶ۡһ棬ǻãرȫձ¹ľôй˴ĴĺͼȫʩԼӰ죻һ棬ԶĴѿʼȷؽ硢ǹȥӱԼӰ죬ʵֽԴɵĿꡣŷԪͳһŷ壬Ҳ͵İһĹ̷չ죬ո߳ڣԶδʱ򡣽ԶǰʣȻȻ顣ijЩѾһƣͨĽʤӮʱϴţóֶڱȹҸ̨Ͻ⡢ʵĿʱȻĻ[4] -------- [4]ݲȽ˹Ŀ21ͽĹȺ籱ȺŷȺȺȺ˹ȺŷȺЩȺ֮δͻʧȥƣ21ǰϦȫҡ롶ʧҡйѧ磬P221Ϲӣһơ21͵Ϲ֪ʶ磩 ڴˣǰѡϡΪսĻҪ֮һ һΡá˼롢Ļ໥͸硢¡롢á籭Խ籮־ĽϣͼڴĹϱϰȫıԸѺʵֻ֡ķĴˣŻԳռʵԼҰġʵ֤һ20͵ĩҶԱʱģȻʧܡͬ׷Ұȫ͹棬ΪһĴԵñ˾öࡣԵϹ̨ȡᣬӱĹһõ棬˴ӿõIJ֪ҪٱԭɲǡǿȨܽ͵ģҲǸΥ׼⡣ΪеĺжУȡ׷ߣԷԼεӰֻĹ¼ҹˡԸɴͰСֱӲȡ˵ľж⣬£óҵķʽıʵԼ档ڶԸ˵ϣ˵һηdz͵ijϡУ֣ݺأϹڵйҶ֧жʹȫһ֯ʦľ飬30սֳɹ֯˶˳ľ÷˲飬ֳξѹʹ֮ڴιٵ״̬С ս֮սͻijԽ죬һԽͻԽƵسΪһֶαĹáһγɣʮἱ綯仯̱ȫ򾭼һ廯ιʻϢԴ绯Ƶͻλͷǹ֯ǿƻı鷳һ࣬ΪʲôһЩСңԼͬذѽָ׼˳ϵԭ[5] -------- [5]綫ˡͳ֯ѾڳΪIJɺӵij֯ һԭʹִٵвԳһҡԸвʹóϵֶΣõİ취ʵ£ϲһƬ´½ڴսͲޱսʱڣἴˣѾΪŴԼóֶΪҲΪķ[6]ԲʧֱսʱʩߴĿշʽijϣԿ˵ǹŵġˣִ档ҪڹŴͽ컮һҳ֮ʲôͬĻǾڹֻǹҼϣdzҡҡǹ֮֯Ĵֱƽкͽ[7]ֹ޴ij֣ʹս˲ԭ⣬Ӽֶεʵ˸Ա仯ңңңǹҡոģʽӸϸıսòͽ֣ıսԹ쾭ľԱʡֲԹϳ硢ȥͻսķʽͳΪϡеijɹпԤϽǽʱһڸΧڣıʵֹҰȫĿս[8] -------- [6]սʱڵġݡϿأᡱһˣΪ˵ķսע͡л֣1990꣬P4 [7]ijϣֻǹ֮֯֯ϣ˹ǹ֯ϡڶǽΣУԿijЩʻһ֯ԼԳĬϡ [8]Ƚ˹֡ҪλԵսԡУΪ簲ȫµĴһŷǵİȫϵϵŷޡйձ˹ӡȵȹΪġҲ۲ϵĴǷЧָһͬ˼·ڸΧڽҰȫ⡣˵֯Ϊ߳ʱ;һ廯Ҫǡάֺƽʹϵ֪ʶ磬P332 ΪĿǰΨһ缶ڰѳΪõĹҡӲŹκβ뵽йصĹ֯ȥĻᣬ˵һ򶼰κι֯жϢϢءŷޡޡԼԻȫԹ֯ҪԱݡ1996꡶桷жԴֱԲ䣺Ϊʵ棬ӰҵߺжҪڹIJ룬ЩʹҪ洦Σյĵ[9]ڳ̫֯ϣ˰Ĵ˵ǣֻ޹ҺͰĴǡȹ⵽ʲͳǿҷԣͼôͬʱΪ̫úͷĶ޹ң뱱óǩЭ飬ȴνһ˫ϵIJԡ -------- [9]1996ȡ桷¿ѧ磬P5 ˸еĪģڴ޽Σʱ̬Ⱥͷʽ籩ʼѸձ޻һ飬ͨΪɶĹʻһ֯ʵʩľԮƻʹ޹ҽеľɻߡʻһ֯򺫹ṩ570ԪͬʱҪȫ濪гʱлԲĵ׼չҵ̵ִҪΪ׵ķҳڳгռ䣬Ѿһֱľռ[10]ǰ˹֮޹ҵĽھѻ˵Ĺͬܶ108100Ԫӵ5ڲÿ300ڵٶȵ[11]µϹ˾׼ն˾Ħ˹̹˾ؼ΢ʱ̽ձۼõȼ˹˶Գ𡱻ıϷĵģͶʧܵijʱ˾LTCMһʱ˵ᷨ͡͡սŵͳͳϵͻᷢһеν޷[12]ʶؽһԴѾõĿ꣬һγɹij֯֯ǹ֯жȻûֱ֤ʾƲʹһ޴ֲ¶ɫӼϿ˵ijЩжȵõǵĹĬֻҪ۵ĹؼǷʶʹΪһֳǷУ -------- [10]ձմ¿19988ºţʯԭ̫¡ۡΪ޽Σео޵սͼıλĿмƫԲʧء199881516աοϢ [11]1998929աοϢ11棬תƸ־¡ [12]ʯԭ̫ɳͬĹ۲Ҳ˹̳716շù۲ҿ˹̹޽¡˹޽ΣаʲôɫҲ̸ͬĿ1998815աοϢ شǿ϶ġ ǴΧĸϣս򣬾ǶսΧı궨ϡ롰ϡһǸȷе˵ǵĺ߻Ӧ׺ϡսжĸ֣ſرӪ첢ʹͼ֮Ҫָһ㣬Ϊ˰ѡϡֱ˼άţ޶սжķΧڡ ϡǰѾ̸ġϡ潫Ҫġֶϡ֮䡣ʱλһͻԵij˼άDzȱٵһɻͻϣܽ볬ٷһսˣֻͻľޣܽս˼ά̬˼ж޵ǰᡣû˼ޣʹƾֱжͻƣҲѳɾġȫάսǵġϡͬνȫά༴ȫ򣩣ġȫάսһȺ˵ͻ룬ǽڳ׵ͻ˼άϣԣһпܵһ¸˼𻨣ܿڲ˼άȻҪٵϰϧϨ[13] -------- [13]ڽ½ȫάһھеĸڡ2010ϲӹ롷еġȫάԭּǿϢ½˾˾EѷϽܹȫΧڻġ½ǡȫάӡɼ½ԡȫά˼룬ȥ侫ͽμϲӼ1996ļţ սΧ໥ںϵıȻԴǵʶʼմͺ״̬ȻԶڲ۽ڿ˹ЩԶ׿ʶ߶̶ͬȵָս໥ԼĹϵΪֹڴսһзǾ򣬶սбھҪĸƷҰխ˼άʹսչսı仯һ֮ڡӿͼĪ˹ƣϧٵңԼҰIJԶԸأսʱ˹Ǵը͹㵺˱ըƽذѾʤԻԼģȷ໥ݻ١սԵûͻƹһģʽ ǶһƫʱˡĴںΪΡá¡Ļ⽻ڽ̸Ľ滥׼˽ӿڣһ廯ѷdzԣټȨʶĸǶսӰ죬Щʹְսھ򣬲СսҶȵĹսʱսڳѪɱ¾ֳ֮ȴҶȵƣϢսսóսȫսʽս򿪱ٳ¿ռ䡣ʹ˵ѾûʲôΪսãҲûʲô򲻾߱սĹ̬ 19871019գͧڲ˹幥꾮ƽ̨ϢŦԼ֤ȯ˻ʷҵĹб̡֮ɫġɫһʹнʧߴ5600Ԫھһ¸꣬ɾжֽ¾ÿֻŵһĻٴݡ19951996꣬й½̨庣Ͽ䵼оϰ֮ʱ̨Ӧ䣬ѩʽӦȻǾ˵ijϣرǰ߻ڰʯͷԼŵĴ٣ϵĽ֣ȴǵ˼·ʶذĿȥɵϳһսȥʹãЧ񲻸ã ӳ˼άĽǶȣϡսϡÿһ򶼿һΪδսսϡĿ֮һҪǣѡĸΪսʵսĿԿʵڡɳĮ籩42ж֮󣬳8ľѹ÷˲飬µսóϴ˵սҲ̸÷ɵľ޴Ǿ٣Ϊ׵Ϲ˲ίᣬڼͨٴģɱ˾DZγɵĴѾ󳬹˺սкըսܺ͡ ЩսѲǴڵжκһսƺͽ֣ܱءء⽻ءĻءصȵȷǾı䡣Ӱ㱻ȫľºͷǾ³ͻֻд˼άģʽͻƻΪεֽޣѱսȫ沨ĸ򣬱ϴֽƣóսսԴпܲٵʤȯ ֶ սɱ֮ʣǷҪʹرֶΣԶں󷽵ĵоչս[14]ڱҽڰȫʱǷɶðɱֶȥԸͶ[15]ԶƷ˽ƷԴأܷڲս޶ʹáʽΪʩӰ죬ɷרŵԺ⼯[16]DzǻùعɷʽѱıֽӱɶýսĹ[17] -------- [14]ԻվѼǿƣԷֹжþ˼ͥסַÿŶԾ˽й [15]ȻӢعԱԶԱ϶ΪֲҵʵаɱôijЩҰѶԱɻԴĽͶΪսֲӲͬʽãǷΪģ [16]ƹҵᶼ㲻Ժ⼯ŵİΧ̴֯ǹ֧ЭᣬһЩԺ⼯ţʵԶйŴУĩƽǮΪս֮ [17]¶˹ͨưǵıֽݰ֡ ֶʹõԣǷϺϵһ㣬һ֮ͬǣȫ漰˳ҡʹֶҲҪ˵ġֶϡ⡣ҪŪʲôdzֶβΪʲôҪֶΣҪŪǡ ʲôֶΣ ƺ⡣˭ֶ֪ʵĿķ͹ߡһҡһ֧ӣСһıһͳسֶʱԶôˡ ֶεԣһķµ⡣ ԱΪһϿֶεĶһпܱĿġڳж˵ҾֶΣڹж˵ӻֶΣĿģȥСһ벻ֶͬΣصй׺УÿһֶڷڸĿĵͬʱֳ˵һֶεĿġ ׿ĿIJ̸ֶεĸԻڣԴκνǶȡκβκﶼΪֶ⡣ ĽǶȣ¡Ρ⽻áĻڽ̡ýЩͨͨΪֶΣϸ֣򣬴սս塢ˡϰơˡֱʹǵȻľֶΣԮóƲá⽻Ļ͸ýƶùʹϹȵֶΣڷΡá⽻ȲͬͬʱҲԽԽμǵ׼ֶȥá ӷĽǶȣѧѧѧ츣ҲսֶΡ缼Ϣϼռ似﹤̼ÿһ¼ijֺͷչֶεݣѧӱáҩ㡢ɱ˸ʡս뾶ըЩУ޴ѧӰӣ⣬ѧѧķҲ֧žǻԼжֶΣҲdzѾ˼롢ۺ;ʵѧ¿ѧԭ¶ؾսһʣΪþֶʵĿ 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սɵ˼Ϊijսʱԭ֮Щսԭûоһʵսļ֮ǰܷΪͨһʤ·꣬˵Ҫԭ϶һսȱٵ۹˹ɡǿЩԭ򣬾Ϊսʲô ȫȡ ʱ ԡĿ ֶ Ǿ⡡СķѡάЭͬ ȫ̵ ȫȡ360ȵĹ۲졢ƺһ ȫȡǡս˼ij㣬˼ĸ档ΪһսܸʽԭʵʩߵĻҪǣͨ̿롰һսйصأڹ۲սDZսƷʹֶΡһпɶսԴʱҰûäûϰλûǡ Գս˵սս½աȻռս¡ΡáĻռҲսռļռ䣬еж˫ս[3]սǾԵģҲ׼»ǾԵģʹñҲǷDZģְҵ֮ĶԿҲƽרΪսĶԿսЩ봫ͳսķˮ룬ҲΪսߡ -------- [3]սսͬȻռ䡣ռͲչеļռ䣬׿ռȡڽ죬⼸ռ໥̫գΪȻռ䣬ҲΪռ䣬Ϊսÿһ벻ͻơͬĻҲʱʱɼ͵ĪϢӰ졣ɴ˿սȷڣֻԡȫȡȥ ΪʵսԺǿԭ򣬡ȫȡڳսĸ档ս߼ָսֱս޼ʻȫԿеãսԼָĿصĹԴսеãսռָӻӹģ壬ΪսĿ꣬ضս϶Ըֶεãսָһ֧ӻ򲿶ӹģ壬ΪһսжԲͬװսʽʹáͬʱҪǣϻӦǸĽϡ 󣬱ȷǣÿһսսΧܹ㼰еĿռ򣬵ȫȡ˼Ͱս֣dzսĵһԭ ʱԡͬһʱϵIJͬռչж ִսӵеļֶΣرϢռԶսijֺսתǿӷɢʸսΪһ壬ҲѸ־ºͷǾƽеصսʹս̴Ϊ̡ȥҪͨսۡսۻֽ׶ɵĿ꣬ͬʱͬʱСͬʱɵҪѸٵʵ֡ˣսжԡʱԡǿڳ׶ԡ[4] -------- [4]սḶ̌ڿռɱԵͦʱҪֽ׶ΡսڿռֱģʱҲǡʱͨپн׶Եص㡣 ܼƻǰ£÷ֲڲͬռ䡢ͬսҪأͳһԼʱϣΧսĿ꣬չ¡ĬʽԴͻȻԡԺЧԡһȫĹʱжֻһ̴ٵijս㹻һսˡ˵ġʱǷ벻ġͬʱָͬһʱΡ˵սʵġʱԼս ԴΪ߶ȣھڵжӽﵽһˮƽеװһϢսϵͳһڿΪ1200ܷɻṩ4000Ŀݣ֮Զ̴ϵͳĴʹãˡȫͬʱս˼ʼڿռϴΧʱϴεչжij¾սģʽⷽ˼·Ӿ¶һЩļԾھжķΧڣûƼս[5] -------- [5]͵Īӵġ2010ϲӹ롷е4ԭ򣬡ơȷȫά۽ڡȫΪսԭ ĿꡪֶοɼķΧ֮ȷжָ ĿֶζԡˣȷĿԭǣĿԶСֶΡ ȷĿʱֿĿʵԣ׷ڿռʱû޶Ŀꡣ޲ȷԣʵԣҲŻпɲԡͬʱʵһĿ֮ʹԼ׷һĿĵ[6]ȷĿʱ˷ôϲʶ׷Ŀ꣬ųĿ꣬ʹȷġΪÿһʵֵĿ궼޵ġۺԭʹĿ곬ֶķΧֻᵼԵĽ֡ -------- [6]ҪĿޣǷƣǷԽֶεơֶȷĿʱԽġޡ ˰ɪڳսĴ󣬾ǰĿ󻯵֤ԽϡڰͬҲ֤˭ҲǺжֻҪĿֶΣһذɡ һ㣬еμҺ;¼Ҷס1996桷У˿ֶͳĻΪǿĹң쵼񣬲ǵͼֵܵشΣʱȡж˵ʱȻֶٶûʶͼֵȫͬսĿꡣ˵ǰ˵ͨжάĿ꣬ȲҲӦ֮׷Ŀꡣ롰塱Ӧġȫһ˼룬ʹڹʱһֱ׷ĿȻһս±緢һʲޣȴڳеεĹ˾ƲĽ֡ ֶΡֶΣĿΪ ֶĿ[7]һֲֶѡΧʹ÷ʽ򣬶޽ƵʹֶΣǾԻʹֶλʹþֶΡֶĿΪռޡ -------- [7]ġɽͳ˧ʤ֮P101125 ֶβĿꡣֶεָΪʵijضĿ꣬ԴƵѡֶΣ˵ֶο԰ĿƶΪΪΪԻԭΪֶΣΪΥֶαĿԭ򣬶ڱ֮߸ֶεֻ˵ءءĿꡣ˼롰ֶεѡΧ÷ʽζšĿֻ꣬Գơ޵ֶȥʵĿꡣ˵ͳ˧ҲΪĿ޶ʹֶαޣΪ⼫пڹؼʱ̵¹ܴɡ˵ͨޡȥ׷ޡ ϱսУлɵĽѰսһ·ӣƻϾĺ󷽾ΪֶΣʹϷں;ɥʧֿӶʵ˱սĿꡣһʹֶʵĿijɹ෴ڵĴжսУͳ˧Ϊǰ߽ƶսĿ꣬ռΰ뵺ӦսƻҲֻͻưзߺ󼴹ΡͼֶȥȡĿ֪꣬˶˱ѵֵʤ[8] -------- [8]Ĵжսǰƶġ׶¼ƻΪһǿʿ˺ӣͻơзߡƺӶ1520ĵ򣻵ڶռɽڡɽڡɽһߣ˺ӶİȫչʵսУһ˺ӣתֱ5ʵʩԾϢĻᡣ Ǿ⡪ؾԳ෴ķѰжڵ Ǿ⡱ΪһԭƫڳսеҪ֧㣬ҪؾԳƵķ˼·ȥչսжķʹãս򼰴ĵѡֱã˫ǷǾصӰͰѷǾΪֶȥʵĿ⡣ Ϊһ˼·Ϊָսԭ򣬷Ǿսз涼ֻ֡Ҫȷպ÷Ǿԭ򣬾ҵץסз߲λһЩԼǹԵս壬ͬǿöаʱ糵Զ˹λӶӢ˹ʥս߶һزȡˡϷèʽķǾ⡢ǶԳսǵؼ־ӲλսҪdzλս[9]ֲսڽս־սսսʽ֮սѡڶԷ벻սߣѡܸԷɾ޴𺳵IJλ÷ǾֶΪԼƲ̬ԼԸչЧޣʹЩֶΪսĶ֣ĴһĪչ޴ӷá -------- [9]оʱᷢչIJ޴رӴʱеġ֯áټһ磬ؽڵ㲻ijУŦԼ׶ء³ټۣһͬʱ⵽λս罫һƬҡʱĶ޴ţ磩 ʹʾʵЧԣǾⱾDZƽʾ˶ɡйΨһһǰƹɵķʽȥùɵĹɣҲҽƽ˼ά󼲵 Сķѡ㹻ʵĿʹսԴ Сķԭ򡱵ԭǣһȽԼҪ[10]սʽսķѵĴС[11]ԡࡱֶΣ١ģ -------- [10]ľԭУСԼҪָսбעĵĿơڳսУʹáȷĽԼ [11]սʹսʽѡмأսʽԽΪսʽĺķѣȻͬԣδսУķѵĴСҪѡʲôսʽ ƶĿʹԴ档ƶĿֶ꣬εԲȷĿ֮⣬ҪѹĿغɣʹ価ܵࣻʹԴȻָǡʽȥʵĿ꣬ƬҪԼֻʵĿǰ£Լ޶ȵʹԴ塣 ͨԭҪԭܷ޶ȵʹսԴȥʵĿ꣬ȡѡʲôսʽս֮ԱսʷdzΪս˫õĶǺս¹֮ԽŵߺɨӢõǰʱ䡢·ߺıһսɼҵʹսԴսʽȷʵ֡СķѡĹؼ ĿʵĿֶζÿǰ͸ӻĽ죬һ͵һֶԸĿʱԱֳġֶĿھһĽȻǸߺĵЧ߳˼·ǣͨࡱȥʵ֡١ҲǽеĶսԴƻϳһȫµսʽʵĿͬʱʵСķѡ άЭΪһĿǵľǾУпɶЭͬ άǶ򡢶ıƣѧѧеά޹ءάЭָΪһĿչIJͬ򡢲ͬЭһϿ⣬ʱĻ°汾սУҵƵıΨһҲIJ֮ͬǰѷǾ¡սֱӶǼӵصս򡣻֮κ򶼿ܳΪսκս£ڰѶάЭΪһĿͳϽ£֮άάЭǷսԾжΪսǰάƽȣ⽫Ϊδսһʽ[12] -------- [12]άƽȣҪҪ˷ϡĹδսУֶֻһͨѡ άЭĸֻڱĿʱܳûĿ̸꣬϶άЭĿĴС־άЭĹȺȣĿ趨Ӯһս߼սҪЭͿ漰ҡɴƼκһξ»ǾжdzڹѣάЭز٣ⲢζÿһжжõֶԽԽãԱҪΪޡάijʹû㣬ֻʹжڸ׺͸ɱ֮ҡڣΣĿ걾̲Ķǻۣʵһԭ ⣬ڶԿɶرǷǾʶϣؽҪǴҰ˶ԳġﻯһĹע⣬ӦرעΡսԴãԵءʷλĻͳͬԼ֧ù֯Ӱȵ[13]⻹ҪڶһԭҲһγжѼֵܳıάЭΪƽҵӹ֮٣սߵս̨׵彻ʽϡ -------- [13]йⷽƾõĻͳƽ͵ʶ̬ûʷ˾ʵǿԼӵϹ¹λȵȣЩҪġսԴ ȫ̵ءսĿʼкͽọ̈̄ϵػȡϢжͿƾ սһԺʹԵĶ̬̣κͼһս̶һԤ跽еͷƻ档ˣбҪսġڽʱȫ̵ķʹȨʼԼǡȫ̵ء ڹʱԭļ룬Ѳܰȫ̵صġȫ̡һĹִ̡߼ֶ¿ֻһ˲䡣ǰ˵ģһսʱһս⽫ʹսȫ̱÷dẓ֮ͬʱҲʹ˵Ѷȡ Ϣ纸ӳһĽ죬սԶսҪöࡣصҧϼսӰ˽ܣÿһڵʧأп񶪵һֻս[14]Ҫ¼ֶΡű˵ִսǰȫ̵ԽԽһһּҪֱѧݣȥ˲Ϣս̬ƣҪıԶֹĵı仯ĸ£ҪսǾתµȫսĸı䡣ǰһİսͬһİĵˣչһİսͨһİ̵ȫ̵أȥӮһİʤ -------- [14]ִսУżȻҲŴսһӰսĽ֡һָļϵı˿ڹؼʱնϣȫܵġںϿյһF16¼ԭ򣬾ڡӥֱʶĵ·ȣԱżرԽµĽͿܻᵼһѡҲΪʧһ顰ɥʧһսµִ档ˣȫ̵ءDZֵġ սһİȻҲȫµսеս ϵԭʺκһγսΪԭ ѭЩԭ򲢲ܰʤ̣Υԭ϶ʧܡսʤԭDZҪdz ûбʤԭֻбҪԭӦμһ㡣 ------------------ ͼɨУ һҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ X>tһҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ Ϣȫ򻯡 ǧһҵҵǧ ֯֯ E ڽΪս DZڵ߷ͥ ĺһҡǧ뱻IBMʱȫ򻯡ѾδѧҵԤˡһϢǩļۺƶͻںů˷ľֲսŵʽĽΣϼϿյijնš˰ԤԼҺռʦеİʱ20͵Ļƻ21͵֮չ ȫϣȫ̡㻯ȻҪıģԹΪȨλ߽硣1648˹طǺԼ[1]ִġҡѲǸ߾ᡢΡúĻ֯˵Ψһҡҡǹ֯Ĵ֣ͬҼеìһʹȨ桢־ܵǰս[2] -------- [1]1648ŷЭܳơʮս͵¹ʮսľ棬Ϊȷ1806ʥ۹ɢǰһԼĻ [2]ϵĵλܵԸսߴҲĵǣҶ¢ϵλܵսն˹ءڡ塷еĿҵĶΨһԺϷʹĵλܿ1997ڡ21ͰȫвԺη飬32ΪԿֲ壬26Ϊǹʷͷţ15Ϊޣ4λֵҡ½һϹȴδСӣTRADOC PAMPHLET 525-5:FORCE XXI OPERATIONSУȷѡǹΪδĵˡʹøҵ൱ִķǹҰȫвѾԽԽԣͳһսӷΧԷΪࡣ1.ιԵġιвΡ塢ڽ̡ĻͻЩͻڲҵĹ涨ԺȨս2.޹Եġ޹в޹ءЩʵ岻ҵһ֣Ҳ뽨ֵλԵ֯Ϳֲв3.ԵġвԽҵı߽磬ڵȫΧڻǰڽ˶ʷ֯ԼЭɢķʽ֯ϢʱͼСйѧ磬1997꣬P4446ûаѾȡ¢Ŀ˾ɶ԰ȫвǸٹ̵ľʶ⣬ǰвԾھļйء΢ڣɭЩɵйĿ˾ҲԹȨʵвԹشӰ졣 ʱ󶼾ѪսΪһȫ򻯵תУҲ޷ܿ޴ײͬǣܹ⿪ڰ֮ᡱ[3]ֶΣǽǵǰΪٲõ߷ͥΡá⽻κһֶΣѾ㹻ΪֶεĴƷȴɶԴ˸еοΪģǾܵòѪսȥѪս[4]ǣСսռͬʱְһսսϣһᡢӺɱȽֶθӸֻ߳һѪȣȴͬпᡣʵˣĺƽ֮αƮңԶʹֹ۵˵ڿսҲæѪĻDzѪȻ÷վҪҪĺܹ飬ȡʤ -------- [3]ഫɽʾСϸǸغڸķdz˹һڸＪǹ׵ڰ˹һµţ˵ܹ⿪ɽԴ˽˼Ƭ̣ͻȻν£һٶϿӴˣڰ֮ᡱЩ׽ĸӼıơ [4]δսУսѪж֮ս»ԽԽࡣһ£19988۽ڱսʧйľòʲôӰ죿龰DzܣǶ˹г̣ʹͶҸܵУԤϡ ԽҪޱߵսչĹսƾӺѾ޷ʵִսϵĹҰȫҲ޷άһϵĹ档Ȼսڳˡӡµķ룬ԽԽΪμҡѧмǵ¡νսȻҲͲֻɾȥǵ⡣֮˵ս̫Ҫˣڲܽȥɡʷȴ˵սμȥɣͬǽһҪ취[5]תڼϣܴӼķչУҵսķšʧһͶȥˣõ˳ĽսȴͷͰ֮Ұھ¸ָ߼ͷɱܼƽ˵ԽսIJпԡȻ¸ˣһ𣬸ı20͵һʮꡣѾԭ磬սȴԭǰпᡣΨһͬǣֲпɱķʽõ˱ȿѣޱϺʹ˹ķαը붫ǽΣӦò⣬һֲпζʲô -------- [5]ϣաīᣬǶ³šԼѷԼķûܳɹļսҲˡ ȫ򻯡ȫʱսֻһ棬ȴ˴ĿĵIJ档IJ泯֮ľʱÿ˶öԼʣǻʲôĪ˹˹֮Գ֮Ϊսľˣô˭ǾˣʩߴĿշ򡢴ɳ֮Ǵװμңô˭μңȫ򻯺ȫʱս˵ ȻǾ˵ĽѾƣսսĺ蹵ƽеⶼȫƱûۡҧϣǾͱҵһԿסԿӦܴȫЩǹսϵĻԿױʺϴսߡսԡսյսмijߴ磬Ҳʺϴμҡʿÿ˵֡ ˡս벻бʲôʵԿס ------------------ ͼɨУ һҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ Xһҳ ǰһҳ Ŀ¼ Դʱ Ͼǰ ֦ȨЧӦ ۺϣȫʱ ں ս һ ¸ ߼ ɱ ɱ ɱ Ȼ ɱ ɱ Ȼս ڶ ռ ˴ ְҵսʿ Ǿս ս̬ ս ڿֲ ս Ԯս ʷս ¶ˮ ½ ½ս սAA ַ ŵ ʽս ¾ǰ Ұȫָ ȫ ս ս ¸ս ǹ ͽ ڿֲ ս ս ˼άտ ʤ ƽ ƫ ƫʽ ȫ ֶ ȫֶ ȫ ȫ ȫ ˼ά ս ֶ ֮ ̨ ս ս ڰ ʱ ʱԼս άЭ ߽ ------------------ ͼɨУ һҳ ǰһҳ 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